Mickey Mouse Monopoly - 668 Words

Mickey Mouse Monopoly The Mickey Mouse Monopoly documentary reveals the obscure social messages behind the animated films created by the Disney Company. Although we are conditioned to believe that these movies are pure forms of entertainment, further examination has proved that there are hidden messages concerning gender, race and class that Disney is instilling in the minds of children. The speakers in the documentary argue that Disney is extremely political and hides its ideas behind innocence, magic and fun. When masked by features that are appealing to a younger audience, it is difficult to realize these ideas without taking a closer look. One of the main controversies discussed in this video is the way that Disney portrays women†¦show more content†¦This reminded me of a point made in the article â€Å"Representation of Black’s in Children’s Books† when Anthony J. Cortese argued that blacks appear in minor roles in books and occupy subservient posi tions such as maids, slaves, or servants (2004). This confirms that not only are racial messages uncovered in children’s literature, but they are making an appearance in children’s films as well. The hyenas in The Lion King support this argument because they are slaves to Scar and display behaviors that viewers might connect to African Americans. After watching this video in class I can honestly say I have different assumptions about the Disney Company and the messages the producers are sending to children. I have been to Disney world 53 times in my life and my parents always tried to make it seem like it was the most magical place on earth. Now that I am uncovering all of these hidden messages and understanding the impact they had on me as I child, I see everything very differently. All of these fairytales about princesses needing to find a man to marry or rescue them go against all of my beliefs about being an independent woman. My mother conditioned me to think that I do not need a man to complete me since I was young and I am grateful that she did. Despite the fact that there are so many Disney films that are (and should be) criticized for their social imperfections, there have been some recent signs ofShow MoreRelatedMickey Mouse Monopoly Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesMatoaka was nothing like the tall, bronze skinned, supermodel that ran through the forest and played with raccoons. Disney keeps just close enough to the actual story to confuse the audience and achieve rewriting history. 5. Explain how Mickey Mouse Monopoly applies to latent functions. Disney hides behind innocence, and uses their dominant grasp of the early childhood market. This grasp can lead to unintended behaviors and outlooks that can carry into adult life, such as a poor self-image, subconsciousRead MoreEssay On Mickey Mouse Monopoly711 Words   |  3 Pagesa symbol of innocence and imagination since its creation in the mid 1900’s. The video Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Disney, Childhood, and Corporate Power was produced to highlight how racism and sexism can be seen throughout the Disney franchise. This video focuses on the Disney movies and how they can influence culture as they are consumed by mass audiences around the world. Henry Giroux wrote the book,â€Å"The Mouse that Roared- Disney and the End of Innocence† which was one of the first to bring attentionRead MoreThe Dark Side of Disney1426 Words   |  6 Pagesto have kids, but not only does it point out the issues with Disney to parents, but also to the Disney Corporation itself. Mickey Mouse Monopoly, a documentary released in 2002, examines Disney’s power to influence society and culture as it explores Disney’s depictions of race and gender in Disney movies, drawing on interviews with various individuals. Mickey Mouse Monopoly appeals to ethos and pathos to draw attention to Disney’s stronghold on public opinion, how Disney sensors negative publicityRead Moreâ€Å"Disney Constructs Childhood so as to Make It Entirely Compatible with Consumerism1617 Words   |  7 PagesChildren’s culture and Disney animated films. Breaking into the movies: film and the culture of politics. Malden: Blackwell, 100-135 Giroux, H., Mickey Mouse Monopoly (2001) Chapter 5, Disney s Commercialization of Children s Culture in, Film. Directed by Miguel Picker, Northampton, MA: Media Education Foundation. Giroux, H. (1999) The Mouse That Roared: Disney and the end of innocence, Lanham, Md.: Rowman Littlefield Katy (2009) Thoughts on culture and media-are Disney films goodRead MoreDisney, Racism, And The Renaissance Era2978 Words   |  12 Pageswhite community, or never held personal relationships with a person of color. What they knew, and how they chose to represent ethnic figures in Disney movies was based on what they picked up from media, or from biased opinions (Miguel Picker, Mickey Mouse Monopoly). Few positive portrayals, if any, have emerged over time, however it is evident that there is not a wide variety of â€Å"multicultural† writers in Disney that could portray someone other than one of their own in a politically correct way. Read MoreEssay on Racism in Disney Films2220 Words   |  9 Pagesravaged by war and depression, the great Walt Disney created a fairy tale world in which Americans could escape the disheartening truth. What started out as a mouse frolicking across a screen, has become a corporate giant steamrolling across America, consuming childrenâ€⠄¢s imaginations and belief systems along the way. In the movie Mickey Mouse Monopoly (2001), it is stated that Disney controls a majority of America’s media, and because of this, the public suffers because they are presented with an extremelyRead MoreEssay on Disney’s Entertainment Empire: Exploiting Innocence908 Words   |  4 Pagestelevision network, theme parks, motion pictures, vacation destinations and media corporations that carries his name. However, the controversial issues raised in Frank Zipes’ essay â€Å"Breaking the Disney Spell† and Chyng Feng Sun’s documentary, The Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Disney Childhood and Corporate Power, explain that Disney’s successes were possibly due to his use of vicious techniques that are considered racist, sexist, and manipulative. Disney created his flourishing entertainment empire through exploitingRead More Insensitive Portrayal of Society and Cultuer in Disney Films1538 Words   |  7 Pag esVincent E. â€Å"Is the Mouse Sensitive? A Study of Race, Gender, and Social Vulnerability in Disney Animated Films.† Similie: Studies in Media Information Literacy Education (2001): Academic Search Premier: MLA International Bibliography. EBSCOhost. U. Of Georgia Lib. GALILEO. 29 Oct. 2006 www.search.ebscohost.com Giroux, Henry. The Mouse That Roared: Disney and the End of Innocence. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 1999. 17-55. Pettit, Robert. Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Disney, ChildhoodRead MoreGender Communications Final Paper: Disney Aladdin1693 Words   |  7 Pagessubject of arranged marriages. While researching on this subject I came across Dr. Alvin Poussint Dr. Henry Giroux who both have views against Disney and there huge power of controlling the minds of our younger generation. In the movie Mickey Mouse Monopoly , Dr. Alvin states â€Å"Children have been raised for generations now on Disney† as our society continues to grow, we evolved in the way(s) we learn, communicate, live, etc. They claim that many Disney movies encapsulate the younger generationsRead MoreValue Alignment1385 Words   |  6 Pagesstorytelling, optimism, and decency. The actions that Disney has taken over the years in the entertainment industry show that Disney aligns with its values. SInce being created in 1928 Disney has grown into the Monopoly that we know today. Starting with cartoons featuring Mickey Mouse, then growing into themeparks, resorts, and crusies, not to mention the thousands of animated and realistic cartoons and movies. Disney has even created television and radio stations with the Disney name (The Walt

Is Bamboo A Sustainable Alternative Building Material For...

Technology in cultural context Is bamboo a sustainable alternative building material for light weight construction in Southeast Asia? 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the study Concrete, brick, wood and steel are the prominent materials used for construction around the world. However, due to the high expenses of steel and timber, researches have been made to discover a new alternative for these materials with a lower and more economic cost. Bamboo is becoming more and more popular as building materials in the construction world due to its strength and durability. Currently, efforts have been made to introduce bamboo as an alternative for construction materials. Bamboo is one of the oldest and most versatile building materials with many applications in the field of construction, particularly in developing countries. Bamboo has a long and well established tradition as a building material throughout the world’s tropical and sub-tropical regions. (Jayanetti, D. L., Follett 2008) To address the issue, this research aims to provide some insides on bamboo being the sustainable alternative building materials. This research wil l limit its scope to lightweight construction. Literature review will be used to establish research directions and preliminary findings. Selections and discussion of theoretical and descriptive material and detailed comparison of theories in terms of their applicability is the methodology of theoretical analysis of the topic. ThisShow MoreRelatedBamboo As A Low Cost, Eco Friendly Manner2571 Words   |  11 PagesBAMBOO IN ARCHITECTURE ABSTRACT Bamboo has found use in extensive fields ranging from medicine to cooking to furniture making and most importantly in construction. The advantage of using bamboo is the easy availability of the material especially in India. The use of bamboo as a structural construction material is also gaining popularity primarily because it is a rapidly growing material which makes it sustainable. It has many positive engineering attributes such as its high strength and durabilityRead MoreSustainable Building Material...24522 Words   |  99 PagesGreen Building A Guide to Sustainable Building Materials and Methods in Santa Cruz County Funded through waste reduction grants from the City and County of Santa Cruz Departments of Public Works, and in cooperation with Ecology Action. Green Building: A Guide to Sustainable Building Materials and Methods in Santa Cruz County  © 2004, Ecology Action of Santa Cruz Principal Authors: Barry Hooper Karsten Mueller, Ecology Action Editor Kiosk/Graphic Designer: Jenny Shelton, Shelton Design Read MoreLayout Plan.14080 Words   |  57 Pagesproduced a new car every 49seconds. Iron ore, coal, and other raw materials went in one end and came out the other as a completed automobile. Today, the Rouge employs about 7000 people and assembles the Ford F-150. Outside suppliers provide most of the components and subassemblies. But great things are happening at this famous facility. Bill Ford has built a new assembly plant on the site, designed for flexibility and sustainable manufacturing. With flexible equipment and new processes, Ford’s

Research Reading Newspaper Habits Free Essays

string(89) " there is null number of student who strongly disagree that they love to read newspaper\." I. Introduction B. Background of the Study Newspapers help to improve reading habits, knowledge and awareness. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Reading Newspaper Habits or any similar topic only for you Order Now They can be part of good study habits for students in any area of specialization. Malaysia is a developing country with many ethnic communities who wish to live together. Efforts to solve cultural adaptation problems should be multi-dimensional and long term. Nowadays many students are not aware alert with the information surrounding and the current issue that happened in the world and Malaysia especially. Therefore, we are really believed that by reading the newspaper will help student especially to gain their knowledge. A newspaper is usually an everyday publication. It contains news, opinions, advertisements, notice and information of all kinds. It also publishes all matters of general interest. It is a very useful mass medium. It keeps people aware about the current events of the world. It publishes views about national and international issues and public opinion. Commodity prices, share market reports, race course events, sports news, news about films, fashions and entertainments are some of its regular features. Newspapers have also columns for children and women and even for the students’ preparation for examination. In fact, a newspaper is an encyclopaedia, a store house of knowledge and information at the cheapest price. Thus a newspaper bears interest of every section of people and is an attraction for every kind of readers. C. Problem Statement By reading the newspaper we really ensure that there are important for college students, whose needs being up to date with the issue around them. Many of them are not taking serious with the knowledge that happened and the levels of their knowledge of the current issues are very low. That will give the negative effect of their knowledge of current issues and might be effect when they want to find the job in the future. D. Purpose The purpose of this report is to investigate the newspaper reading habits among part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. E. Objective The objectives of the report are to investigate the newspaper reading habits of Part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka and recommend the action that should be taken to enhance these habits among the students. F. Significant Report I. To the respondents This research is hoped to give hands to students in measuring their level of global and current issue knowledge by reading the newspaper. It also helps them to improve their languages and communication skill weakness by reading the newspapers. This research is a guide to helping college students take charge of their learning in their university environment, by capitalizing on their motivation arising from curiosity. It helps students gain independence from the lecture-study-exam system, with a resulting sense of thinking â€Å"I know my stuff†. The guide argues that many students who do not work to their potential have a low awareness of behaviours that contribute to academic success. II. To the researchers This research will give the researcher some knowledge about the factors that influence UiTM students of reading habits. The researcher will get experience due to exposure to the real situation as it require researcher to communicate directly to the respondents. The environmental situation can be useful in the future for the researcher in dealing with the real environment. III. To the faculty With this study, the researchers expect that faculty will develop strategic solutions regarding newspaper reading habits if we found out that most of the students have newspaper reading habits are very low. Furthermore, this study also can assist other students to gather information and make reference to findings from past research. G. Limitations This study has several limitations which are: I. The sample of the study The sample of the study was too small since only taken at UiTM KBM, only involve business faculty. It is also limited within part 4 students. The information and feedback were obtained only from small group of population caused in narrow result. II. Data collection method The result of this research is limited due to only one of data collection method applied. The research only use questionnaire to collect data from respondent. It also may raise the possibility of dishonesty in answering the questionnaire. III. Data Analysis The analysis only uses frequency and percentage as method of measurement of findings. It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. I. Procedural Methods A. Primary sources data 1. Questionnaires This questionnaire is about newspaper reading habits. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the newspaper reading habits among part 4 students in UiTM KBM. The information of this report was obtained through a survey in which 50 questionnaire were distributed to part 4 students at UiTM in this campus. There are 50 questions in this survey that can help the respondents to know about how well they gain their knowledge and also can discover their areas that will make them attract to read the newspapers. The scale of measurement of this survey is liked and multiple choices scale. B. Secondary data We also used secondary sources of data to get more information in order to complete this research. The sources of data that we have used are journal and article that we had obtain from the internet. These articles and journal has helped lots in finding good references and information that can be used in this research. II. Data Analysis The analysis only uses frequency, number and percentage as method of measurement of findings. It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. III. Main Findings It was found that: The finding report such as follows: QUESTION 1 Figure 4. 1 The figure 4. 1 shows that 12 of students are strongly agree that they love to read newspaper but only 16 of students agree. On the other hand, 12 of students indicate neutral and only 10 students who are disagree about this statement. But there is null number of student who strongly disagree that they love to read newspaper. You read "Research Reading Newspaper Habits" in category "Essay examples" According to the graph, mostly UiTM KBM students agree that they love to read newspaper. The students will read newspaper at least once a month rather than not read it at all. This finding shows that the newspaper reading habit among Uitm KBM students is good. QUESTION 2 Figure 4. 2 The figure 4. 2 shows that 3 of students are strongly agree that they read newspaper every morning and only 11 students who are agree. However, 23 students are neutral and 12 students disagree that they read newspaper every morning. But only 1 student who is strongly disagreeing read newspaper every morning. The graph shows that the number of neutral students is higher han others. So this means that, there are many students still read newspaper every morning even though the students who disagree read newspaper every morning increase. This indicates that, many students still read newspaper even though there are many things that most interesting for teenagers. QUESTION 3 Figure 4. 3 The figure 4. 3 shows that 10 students who are strongly agree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purcha se and the number increase to the 18 student who are agree with the price of newspaper. On the other hand, 12 students are neutral, 7 students are disagreeing and the rest is only 3 students who strongly disagree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Mostly, students are agreeing that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Even they still studying and not have higher income; they still can affordable to purchase newspaper. Usually the price of newspaper is around RM1. 50. So, there is no reason why students or any people are not affording to buy newspaper. QUESTION 4 Figure 4. 4 The figure 4. shows that 3 students are strongly agreed that they have allocated some of their money to buy newspaper monthly. However, there are 15 students who are agreed and 17 students who are neutrally spend some money to buy newspaper every month. But 10 students are disagreeing about this statement and the rest is 5 students who strongly disagree that they are not allocate some of their money to buy any newspaper monthly. Mostly, students react neutrally to spe nd some of their money to buy newspaper every month. This is because, as a student, they have no enough money to spend some of their money to buy newspaper monthly. They will buy it if there is enough money for them to spend for their foods, assignments and others. QUESTION 5 Figure 4. 5 The figure 4. 5 shows those 4 students who strongly agree and 16 students who are agree to spend their time at least 30 minutes daily to read newspaper. But it is increase one number in neutral which is 17 students who are neutral to spend at least 30 minutes daily to read newspaper. There are 12 students who are disagree about to spent their time to read newspaper. But only one person who is strongly disagrees about this statement. Mostly, students sometime spending their time to read newspaper in the library, buy it themselves or online the news. According to survey, many students love to spend their idle time to read newspaper. Usually, UiTM KBM students refer to read newspaper in the library when they have no class at that time. QUESTION 6 Figure 4. 6 The figure 4. 6 shows the selection of headline among respondent of UiTM KBM students when buy the newspaper. 27% of the respondent choose neutral and disagree for the selection of headline when buy the newspaper which is they would buy the newspaper when the headline is sensationalized. Then, followed by 18% of respondent chose to agree and strongly agree buy the newspaper because of the sensationalized headline and other 10% strongly disagree about the choosing of sensationalized headline when buying the newspaper. From this question, we can see that the bigger amounts of respondent are disagree with the question which is choosing the sensational headline when buying the newspaper and also many of them do not feel like the sensational headline is the issue to buy the newspaper. Other than that, the other respondent shows the attraction of the sensational headline is the factor that they choose to buy the newspaper. QUESTION 7 Figure 4. 7 The figure 4. 7 shows the news in the newspaper that the respondent rate based on the informative news in the newspaper. The higher percentage shows 37% of the respondent agree the news is informative to them and followed by 24% of the respondent strongly agree that the news in the newspaper is informative. About 18% of the respondent feel there are few news in the newspaper is informative and 12% of the respondent disagree the news in the newspaper is informative. The least respondent which is only 10% of them strongly disagree that the news is informative. We can see from this that, the respondent will read the newspaper because they want to information and it show that they realize the newspaper can provide them more information. The least respondent that strongly disagree with the statement that they can get the information from the newspaper because they feel like they would prefer to get the information from other sources like internet, library and etc. QUESTION 8 Figure 4. 8 The figure 4. 8 show the respondent would choose to use both sources to know about the news that represent about 26% of them. Followed by 24 % disagree, 19 % strongly disagree, 17% agree and only 10 % strongly agree. We can see that the respondent prefer to use both source to get what information that they want because they can get the information in newspaper if the information that they want are not shown in the television. The other side, the respondent was strongly disagree with the statement is the second highest because they think that the news also provided in the television and it is for them to understand the information that they want. QUESTION 9 Figure 4. 9 The figure 4. 9 shows the statement that the respondent can get the information from newspaper and 36 percent of them answer they can gain knowledge not only from the newspaper; they also can gain the knowledge from the media Massa. Followed by 32% of respondent agree with the statement, 18% strongly agree, 12% disagree, and only 4% strongly disagree. We can see that they feel easy to gain knowledge from the newspaper because most of the respondents give a positive answer to the question. QUESTION 10 Figure 4. 10 The figure 4. 10 shows the respondent whether they practice or not reading newspaper as a part of the life. Many of them feel like they want to practice it as a part of their life and also try other method to be a habit on gaining the knowledge. We can see that the highest respondent chooses to practice reading newspapers as a part of their life which is 36%. Followed by 22% of respondent agree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life because they can gain more knowledge and also improve their reading skill. 8 percent of the respondent strongly disagree with the practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life, followed by 14% disagree and only 12% strongly disagree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life. QUESTION 11 Figure 4. 11 From the figure 4. 11 it was found that out of 50 respondents, they have chosen parents that influenced them to read the newspaper which contributed 62%. The 12 respondents agree that their peers were influence d them to read the newspaper. Next 8% of the respondents are believe that the lecturer in the university have been influences them to read the newspapers. However, 3 of the respondent said that they self and seeking of the information needed are the factors that influenced them to read newspapers. QUESTION 12 Figure 4. 12 From the figure 4. 12, it was found that the majority of the respondents are read newspaper for 2-3 times in a week. The14 respondents are been chosen that they only read newspaper for 1 time in a week. Then the10 respondents are read the newspaper for 4-5 times in a week. However, there are 8 respondents only read the newspaper for everyday (6-7 times). QUESTION 13 Figure 4. 13 From the figure 4. 3, it was found that the majority of the respondents have been chosen that they are more prefer to the newspaper. The 15 of the respondents are more prefer to the news online. The next 14 of our respondents are preferred on the both types of the newspaper to getting the information and knowledge. QUESTION 14 Figure 4. 14 From the figure 4. 14, it was found that the most of the respondents are choosing Harian Metro as their f avourite newspaper. The 22% of our respondents are choosing News Strait Times. The next 18% of our respondents are choosing The Star. The rest of the respondents are stated other newspaper as their favourite newspaper such as Berita Harian, Utusan, Kosmo and Sinar Harian as the choice. QUESTION 15 Figure 4. 15 From the figure 4. 15, it was found that the majority of the respondents are loved to read News section when they are reading the newspaper. The 32% of the respondents are chosen the Sport section. Then the 28% of the respondents are chosen the Entertainment section every time they read newspaper. The respondent number 17 are choosing Others (he or she are not specify their answer) as their favourite section in the newspaper. QUESTION 16 Figure 4. 16 From the figure 4. 16 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the famous method that newspaper use to attract readers. 50% which is 25 out of 50 respondents choose sensational headline as a newspaper famous method. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose being more creative in packaging the information as a newspaper famous method. Only 9 respondents which is 18% choose do survey of people readership habits method as a newspaper famous method and none of them choose others. QUESTION 17 Figure 4. 17 From the figure 4. 7 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the best benefits that they can get from reading newspaper. 56% which is 28 out of 50 respondents choose new information benefit that they can get from reading newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 choose increase confident level as benefit. Only 5 respondents which are 10% choose improve language and verbal ability as benefit that they can get from reading newspaper and none of them choose others. QUESTION 18 Figure 4. 18 From the figure 4. 18 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the barrier that may hinder them from reading newspaper. 2% which is 21 out of 50 respondents choose lack of awareness as barrier to them from reading newspaper. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose limited time as barrier to them due to a lot of assignment and pack schedule. Only 13 respondents which are 26% choose information obtained from other sources as barrier for them to read newspaper and none of them choose others. QUESTION 19 Figure 4. 19 From the figure 4. 19 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students frequently in visiting the UiTM KBM library for the purpose of reading newspaper. 42% hich is 21 out of 50 respondents will go to the library only at their free periods to read newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 said none of them visited the library for the purpose of reading newspaper. Only 14 out of 50 respondents which are 28% said they had visited the library once only and none of them choose others. QUESTION 20 Figure 4. 20 From the figure 4. 20 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM student’s impression towards newspaper services rendered by the UiTM KBM. 38% which is 19 out of 50 respondents had rate good and poor impression equally. Next, 22% which is 11 respondents out of 50 had rate excellent on newspaper services rendered by the UiTM KBM and only 1 respondent which is 2% had choose others as his or her impression. . IV. Main Conclusion This research investigated the newspaper reading habits among the part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. The primary data were collected by the randomly distributing questionnaires to 50 students. As a mention earlier in the introduction, the purpose of this study was to investigate the newspaper reading habits among student to gain their knowledge. The following conclusions can be draw from the study. To begin with, this study can be that the part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka are still not make reading newspapers to be their habits. In addition, we are believed that the students are not really using the facilities given by the university. They still give some reasons on the refusing reading the newspaper. Therefore parents, lecturer, peers and communities surrounding have to take action to open their eyes that to prove by reading the newspaper they will gain their knowledge that can be use for their future. Otherwise, the student will be lack of the knowledge of current issue around them. However, these findings are only true for the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka students and cannot be generalized to other university students. The same study need to be conducted with students from other universities to see if there are any similarities with the factors that will influence of newspaper reading habits and the effect of that to the student itself for he or she in the future. V. Recommendations Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the following are the several recommendations to increase the newspaper reading habits. Library users read newspaper to get the latest information about what is happening around. Newspaper is essential for university students but due to the enormous explosion of information published in the form of newspapers in different languages in particular, it is impossible for libraries to subscribe all that is published at the national and international levels. Under these circumstances the best way of serving the users is by proper display of newspaper and notifying users about new information related to education. In library there should be adequate newspaper to accelerate reading habits. This study help librarians understand the importance of newspapers and improve the services related to the newspapers. In order to maintain and raise the newspaper reading habit among the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka, the other suggestions and recommendation is to promote newspaper reading habit among other students in this campus. Besides that, electronic newspapers are more help to read all information in a very short period. So, students can read newspaper every time and everywhere. Online newspapers also may help to find out latest development in various fields, employment news and other important news to improve their knowledge skills. On the other hand, the educational institutions should motivate and give opportunity to the students for read online newspapers and improve their knowledge skills. Besides that, as a student, they have to find and make more time for reading, always have a book or newspaper around, set a reading goal, keep a log, keep a list and build your own strategy and drop everything read. VI. References Norazman Abdul Majid, M. A. (2012). Academic Report Writing From Research to Presentation (Updated Second Edition). Kuala Lumpur: Prentice Hall. Kumar, D. (2011). Retrieved from Digital Common University India: http://digitalcommons. unl. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1488;context=libphilprac;sei-redir=1;referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. google. com. my%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dnewspaper%2520reading%2520habits%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D3%26ved%3D0CGEQFjAC%26url%3Dhttp%25 How to cite Research Reading Newspaper Habits, Essays

Demographic Transition Model free essay sample

â€Å"Examine how the demographic transition model may be applied to a named Caribbean society. † The demographic transition theory is the process by which some societies have moved from high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development. The demographic transition model can be applied to the Caribbean islands. Due to the technological development of Barbados, high birth and death rates have been dramatically reduced. In European societies during the nineteen century, growth was differentiated into three phases. The pre-industrial era and the early stages of industrial development both had high birth rates and death rates, producing a stable growing population. Phase two was developed due to the improvements in economic development and living standards. Therefore this Phase had falling mortality rates. However, fertility rates continued at a high level. Further technological improvements and life expectancies resulted in the reduction of fertility rates. This led to phase three of the transition. Similarly, the first three stages of the demographic transition model are similar to the phases of the European societies in the 19th century. In the first stage high birth and death rates occur. In the second stage high birth rates and low death rates are prevalent. Both low birth and death rates are common in the third and fourth stages. However there is a fluctuation in the birth and death rates in the fourth stage. Moreover this demographic transition theory can be applied to the Caribbean countries and in particular Barbados. The fertility rates in Barbados are relatively low, approximately 1. children per woman. Nevertheless, this was not always so. There has been fluctuation in the birth and death rates throughout the centuries due to various events such as slavery and the world wars. In 1829-1832 the birth per 1000 women was approximately 40. 7 whereas the death rate was approximately 30. 6 per 1000 (Population). The country therefore had a natural increase of 10. 1 per 1000. However in the early 1960’s, Barbados saw a steady reduction in birth and death rates due to advances in technology. In 1976 the birth rate per 1000 women was 8 and the death rate per 1000 was 9. Barbados was the first country in the Caribbean to launch an official family planning program which was the most successful in the Caribbean. The main contributing factor to the spectacular decline in birth rates since 1960 in Barbados has been the widespread availability and use of contraceptives. Thomas Malthus predicted that world population growth would outstrip food supply resulting in poverty and misery, however he did not foresee that the population growth would be reduce dramatically through the improvement of technology and the use of contraceptives. He advocated preventative checks such as moral restraint and abstinence. He however admonished the use of contraceptives, stating that it was a vice. The Neo- Malthusians re-emphasized the dangers of overpopulation. They however, did not agree with Malthus on the idea of moral restraint. They believed in the use of contraceptive methods. Contrary to what Malthus propose, the use of contraceptives and family planning, not abstinence or moral restraint has decreased population growth significantly in Barbados. According to CIA world Fact book, July 2012 estimates shows that Barbados has 12. 3 births per 1000 women whereas the death rate was 8. 39 per 1000. The health care in Barbados has improved significantly due to advances in technology. Research in Barbados has shown that the drinking water and sanitation facility access have improved in the rural and urban population by 100% as of 2008. The improvement of the education sector in Barbados also contributes to low fertility rates. Th e government spends approximately 6. 7% of GDP on education expenditure. Barbados has a fertility rate of 1. 9. Unfortunately this is below the replacement level of the current population. This suggests that very little population growth occurs. Women in Barbados are career oriented. The increase in female literacy and employment opportunities lowers the acceptance of childbearing and motherhood. Working women have less time to raise children especially in societies were fathers make little or no contribution to child- raising. Societies’ values have changed throughout the centuries. The increase in urbanization has changed the traditional values placed upon fertility and the value of children in society. Parents realize that they do not need so many children to ensure a comfortable old age. Likewise as infant mortality continues to decrease and income increases. Parents can become increasingly confident that fewer children are needed to help in the family business. Society therefore views children as an economic burden. It can therefore be concluded that the demographic characteristics of the population in Barbados, places the country at the third stage of the 5demographic transition model. With more planning, improvements and advances in technology Barbados will be heading to the post ndustrial stage of the demographic theory. In conclusion, the demographic trasition theory can be applied to Barbados. Characteristics such as low birth and death rates and technological development in Barbados place them in the third stage of the model. It was noted that decreases in birth rates is caused by a transition in values and not just because of the availability of contraceptives. Likewise th e improvements of technology have played a significant role in the reduction of fertility rates and high death rates in Barbados. Bibliography * CIA World Fact book, July 2012 estimates. www. theodora. com/wfbcurrent/barbados/barbados-people. html * World population , volume 79 By the United States, Bureau of the census International Statistics Program Centre * Rhonda Reddock, Christine Barrow, Caribbean Sociology Introductory Readings, Illustrated edition, Published by Ian Randel 2001