Mickey Mouse Monopoly - 668 Words

Mickey Mouse Monopoly The Mickey Mouse Monopoly documentary reveals the obscure social messages behind the animated films created by the Disney Company. Although we are conditioned to believe that these movies are pure forms of entertainment, further examination has proved that there are hidden messages concerning gender, race and class that Disney is instilling in the minds of children. The speakers in the documentary argue that Disney is extremely political and hides its ideas behind innocence, magic and fun. When masked by features that are appealing to a younger audience, it is difficult to realize these ideas without taking a closer look. One of the main controversies discussed in this video is the way that Disney portrays women†¦show more content†¦This reminded me of a point made in the article â€Å"Representation of Black’s in Children’s Books† when Anthony J. Cortese argued that blacks appear in minor roles in books and occupy subservient posi tions such as maids, slaves, or servants (2004). This confirms that not only are racial messages uncovered in children’s literature, but they are making an appearance in children’s films as well. The hyenas in The Lion King support this argument because they are slaves to Scar and display behaviors that viewers might connect to African Americans. After watching this video in class I can honestly say I have different assumptions about the Disney Company and the messages the producers are sending to children. I have been to Disney world 53 times in my life and my parents always tried to make it seem like it was the most magical place on earth. Now that I am uncovering all of these hidden messages and understanding the impact they had on me as I child, I see everything very differently. All of these fairytales about princesses needing to find a man to marry or rescue them go against all of my beliefs about being an independent woman. My mother conditioned me to think that I do not need a man to complete me since I was young and I am grateful that she did. Despite the fact that there are so many Disney films that are (and should be) criticized for their social imperfections, there have been some recent signs ofShow MoreRelatedMickey Mouse Monopoly Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesMatoaka was nothing like the tall, bronze skinned, supermodel that ran through the forest and played with raccoons. Disney keeps just close enough to the actual story to confuse the audience and achieve rewriting history. 5. Explain how Mickey Mouse Monopoly applies to latent functions. Disney hides behind innocence, and uses their dominant grasp of the early childhood market. This grasp can lead to unintended behaviors and outlooks that can carry into adult life, such as a poor self-image, subconsciousRead MoreEssay On Mickey Mouse Monopoly711 Words   |  3 Pagesa symbol of innocence and imagination since its creation in the mid 1900’s. The video Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Disney, Childhood, and Corporate Power was produced to highlight how racism and sexism can be seen throughout the Disney franchise. This video focuses on the Disney movies and how they can influence culture as they are consumed by mass audiences around the world. Henry Giroux wrote the book,â€Å"The Mouse that Roared- Disney and the End of Innocence† which was one of the first to bring attentionRead MoreThe Dark Side of Disney1426 Words   |  6 Pagesto have kids, but not only does it point out the issues with Disney to parents, but also to the Disney Corporation itself. Mickey Mouse Monopoly, a documentary released in 2002, examines Disney’s power to influence society and culture as it explores Disney’s depictions of race and gender in Disney movies, drawing on interviews with various individuals. Mickey Mouse Monopoly appeals to ethos and pathos to draw attention to Disney’s stronghold on public opinion, how Disney sensors negative publicityRead Moreâ€Å"Disney Constructs Childhood so as to Make It Entirely Compatible with Consumerism1617 Words   |  7 PagesChildren’s culture and Disney animated films. Breaking into the movies: film and the culture of politics. Malden: Blackwell, 100-135 Giroux, H., Mickey Mouse Monopoly (2001) Chapter 5, Disney s Commercialization of Children s Culture in, Film. Directed by Miguel Picker, Northampton, MA: Media Education Foundation. Giroux, H. (1999) The Mouse That Roared: Disney and the end of innocence, Lanham, Md.: Rowman Littlefield Katy (2009) Thoughts on culture and media-are Disney films goodRead MoreDisney, Racism, And The Renaissance Era2978 Words   |  12 Pageswhite community, or never held personal relationships with a person of color. What they knew, and how they chose to represent ethnic figures in Disney movies was based on what they picked up from media, or from biased opinions (Miguel Picker, Mickey Mouse Monopoly). Few positive portrayals, if any, have emerged over time, however it is evident that there is not a wide variety of â€Å"multicultural† writers in Disney that could portray someone other than one of their own in a politically correct way. Read MoreEssay on Racism in Disney Films2220 Words   |  9 Pagesravaged by war and depression, the great Walt Disney created a fairy tale world in which Americans could escape the disheartening truth. What started out as a mouse frolicking across a screen, has become a corporate giant steamrolling across America, consuming childrenâ€⠄¢s imaginations and belief systems along the way. In the movie Mickey Mouse Monopoly (2001), it is stated that Disney controls a majority of America’s media, and because of this, the public suffers because they are presented with an extremelyRead MoreEssay on Disney’s Entertainment Empire: Exploiting Innocence908 Words   |  4 Pagestelevision network, theme parks, motion pictures, vacation destinations and media corporations that carries his name. However, the controversial issues raised in Frank Zipes’ essay â€Å"Breaking the Disney Spell† and Chyng Feng Sun’s documentary, The Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Disney Childhood and Corporate Power, explain that Disney’s successes were possibly due to his use of vicious techniques that are considered racist, sexist, and manipulative. Disney created his flourishing entertainment empire through exploitingRead More Insensitive Portrayal of Society and Cultuer in Disney Films1538 Words   |  7 Pag esVincent E. â€Å"Is the Mouse Sensitive? A Study of Race, Gender, and Social Vulnerability in Disney Animated Films.† Similie: Studies in Media Information Literacy Education (2001): Academic Search Premier: MLA International Bibliography. EBSCOhost. U. Of Georgia Lib. GALILEO. 29 Oct. 2006 www.search.ebscohost.com Giroux, Henry. The Mouse That Roared: Disney and the End of Innocence. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 1999. 17-55. Pettit, Robert. Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Disney, ChildhoodRead MoreGender Communications Final Paper: Disney Aladdin1693 Words   |  7 Pagessubject of arranged marriages. While researching on this subject I came across Dr. Alvin Poussint Dr. Henry Giroux who both have views against Disney and there huge power of controlling the minds of our younger generation. In the movie Mickey Mouse Monopoly , Dr. Alvin states â€Å"Children have been raised for generations now on Disney† as our society continues to grow, we evolved in the way(s) we learn, communicate, live, etc. They claim that many Disney movies encapsulate the younger generationsRead MoreValue Alignment1385 Words   |  6 Pagesstorytelling, optimism, and decency. The actions that Disney has taken over the years in the entertainment industry show that Disney aligns with its values. SInce being created in 1928 Disney has grown into the Monopoly that we know today. Starting with cartoons featuring Mickey Mouse, then growing into themeparks, resorts, and crusies, not to mention the thousands of animated and realistic cartoons and movies. Disney has even created television and radio stations with the Disney name (The Walt

Is Bamboo A Sustainable Alternative Building Material For...

Technology in cultural context Is bamboo a sustainable alternative building material for light weight construction in Southeast Asia? 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the study Concrete, brick, wood and steel are the prominent materials used for construction around the world. However, due to the high expenses of steel and timber, researches have been made to discover a new alternative for these materials with a lower and more economic cost. Bamboo is becoming more and more popular as building materials in the construction world due to its strength and durability. Currently, efforts have been made to introduce bamboo as an alternative for construction materials. Bamboo is one of the oldest and most versatile building materials with many applications in the field of construction, particularly in developing countries. Bamboo has a long and well established tradition as a building material throughout the world’s tropical and sub-tropical regions. (Jayanetti, D. L., Follett 2008) To address the issue, this research aims to provide some insides on bamboo being the sustainable alternative building materials. This research wil l limit its scope to lightweight construction. Literature review will be used to establish research directions and preliminary findings. Selections and discussion of theoretical and descriptive material and detailed comparison of theories in terms of their applicability is the methodology of theoretical analysis of the topic. ThisShow MoreRelatedBamboo As A Low Cost, Eco Friendly Manner2571 Words   |  11 PagesBAMBOO IN ARCHITECTURE ABSTRACT Bamboo has found use in extensive fields ranging from medicine to cooking to furniture making and most importantly in construction. The advantage of using bamboo is the easy availability of the material especially in India. The use of bamboo as a structural construction material is also gaining popularity primarily because it is a rapidly growing material which makes it sustainable. It has many positive engineering attributes such as its high strength and durabilityRead MoreSustainable Building Material...24522 Words   |  99 PagesGreen Building A Guide to Sustainable Building Materials and Methods in Santa Cruz County Funded through waste reduction grants from the City and County of Santa Cruz Departments of Public Works, and in cooperation with Ecology Action. Green Building: A Guide to Sustainable Building Materials and Methods in Santa Cruz County  © 2004, Ecology Action of Santa Cruz Principal Authors: Barry Hooper Karsten Mueller, Ecology Action Editor Kiosk/Graphic Designer: Jenny Shelton, Shelton Design Read MoreLayout Plan.14080 Words   |  57 Pagesproduced a new car every 49seconds. Iron ore, coal, and other raw materials went in one end and came out the other as a completed automobile. Today, the Rouge employs about 7000 people and assembles the Ford F-150. Outside suppliers provide most of the components and subassemblies. But great things are happening at this famous facility. Bill Ford has built a new assembly plant on the site, designed for flexibility and sustainable manufacturing. With flexible equipment and new processes, Ford’s

Research Reading Newspaper Habits Free Essays

string(89) " there is null number of student who strongly disagree that they love to read newspaper\." I. Introduction B. Background of the Study Newspapers help to improve reading habits, knowledge and awareness. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Reading Newspaper Habits or any similar topic only for you Order Now They can be part of good study habits for students in any area of specialization. Malaysia is a developing country with many ethnic communities who wish to live together. Efforts to solve cultural adaptation problems should be multi-dimensional and long term. Nowadays many students are not aware alert with the information surrounding and the current issue that happened in the world and Malaysia especially. Therefore, we are really believed that by reading the newspaper will help student especially to gain their knowledge. A newspaper is usually an everyday publication. It contains news, opinions, advertisements, notice and information of all kinds. It also publishes all matters of general interest. It is a very useful mass medium. It keeps people aware about the current events of the world. It publishes views about national and international issues and public opinion. Commodity prices, share market reports, race course events, sports news, news about films, fashions and entertainments are some of its regular features. Newspapers have also columns for children and women and even for the students’ preparation for examination. In fact, a newspaper is an encyclopaedia, a store house of knowledge and information at the cheapest price. Thus a newspaper bears interest of every section of people and is an attraction for every kind of readers. C. Problem Statement By reading the newspaper we really ensure that there are important for college students, whose needs being up to date with the issue around them. Many of them are not taking serious with the knowledge that happened and the levels of their knowledge of the current issues are very low. That will give the negative effect of their knowledge of current issues and might be effect when they want to find the job in the future. D. Purpose The purpose of this report is to investigate the newspaper reading habits among part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. E. Objective The objectives of the report are to investigate the newspaper reading habits of Part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka and recommend the action that should be taken to enhance these habits among the students. F. Significant Report I. To the respondents This research is hoped to give hands to students in measuring their level of global and current issue knowledge by reading the newspaper. It also helps them to improve their languages and communication skill weakness by reading the newspapers. This research is a guide to helping college students take charge of their learning in their university environment, by capitalizing on their motivation arising from curiosity. It helps students gain independence from the lecture-study-exam system, with a resulting sense of thinking â€Å"I know my stuff†. The guide argues that many students who do not work to their potential have a low awareness of behaviours that contribute to academic success. II. To the researchers This research will give the researcher some knowledge about the factors that influence UiTM students of reading habits. The researcher will get experience due to exposure to the real situation as it require researcher to communicate directly to the respondents. The environmental situation can be useful in the future for the researcher in dealing with the real environment. III. To the faculty With this study, the researchers expect that faculty will develop strategic solutions regarding newspaper reading habits if we found out that most of the students have newspaper reading habits are very low. Furthermore, this study also can assist other students to gather information and make reference to findings from past research. G. Limitations This study has several limitations which are: I. The sample of the study The sample of the study was too small since only taken at UiTM KBM, only involve business faculty. It is also limited within part 4 students. The information and feedback were obtained only from small group of population caused in narrow result. II. Data collection method The result of this research is limited due to only one of data collection method applied. The research only use questionnaire to collect data from respondent. It also may raise the possibility of dishonesty in answering the questionnaire. III. Data Analysis The analysis only uses frequency and percentage as method of measurement of findings. It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. I. Procedural Methods A. Primary sources data 1. Questionnaires This questionnaire is about newspaper reading habits. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the newspaper reading habits among part 4 students in UiTM KBM. The information of this report was obtained through a survey in which 50 questionnaire were distributed to part 4 students at UiTM in this campus. There are 50 questions in this survey that can help the respondents to know about how well they gain their knowledge and also can discover their areas that will make them attract to read the newspapers. The scale of measurement of this survey is liked and multiple choices scale. B. Secondary data We also used secondary sources of data to get more information in order to complete this research. The sources of data that we have used are journal and article that we had obtain from the internet. These articles and journal has helped lots in finding good references and information that can be used in this research. II. Data Analysis The analysis only uses frequency, number and percentage as method of measurement of findings. It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. III. Main Findings It was found that: The finding report such as follows: QUESTION 1 Figure 4. 1 The figure 4. 1 shows that 12 of students are strongly agree that they love to read newspaper but only 16 of students agree. On the other hand, 12 of students indicate neutral and only 10 students who are disagree about this statement. But there is null number of student who strongly disagree that they love to read newspaper. You read "Research Reading Newspaper Habits" in category "Essay examples" According to the graph, mostly UiTM KBM students agree that they love to read newspaper. The students will read newspaper at least once a month rather than not read it at all. This finding shows that the newspaper reading habit among Uitm KBM students is good. QUESTION 2 Figure 4. 2 The figure 4. 2 shows that 3 of students are strongly agree that they read newspaper every morning and only 11 students who are agree. However, 23 students are neutral and 12 students disagree that they read newspaper every morning. But only 1 student who is strongly disagreeing read newspaper every morning. The graph shows that the number of neutral students is higher han others. So this means that, there are many students still read newspaper every morning even though the students who disagree read newspaper every morning increase. This indicates that, many students still read newspaper even though there are many things that most interesting for teenagers. QUESTION 3 Figure 4. 3 The figure 4. 3 shows that 10 students who are strongly agree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purcha se and the number increase to the 18 student who are agree with the price of newspaper. On the other hand, 12 students are neutral, 7 students are disagreeing and the rest is only 3 students who strongly disagree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Mostly, students are agreeing that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Even they still studying and not have higher income; they still can affordable to purchase newspaper. Usually the price of newspaper is around RM1. 50. So, there is no reason why students or any people are not affording to buy newspaper. QUESTION 4 Figure 4. 4 The figure 4. shows that 3 students are strongly agreed that they have allocated some of their money to buy newspaper monthly. However, there are 15 students who are agreed and 17 students who are neutrally spend some money to buy newspaper every month. But 10 students are disagreeing about this statement and the rest is 5 students who strongly disagree that they are not allocate some of their money to buy any newspaper monthly. Mostly, students react neutrally to spe nd some of their money to buy newspaper every month. This is because, as a student, they have no enough money to spend some of their money to buy newspaper monthly. They will buy it if there is enough money for them to spend for their foods, assignments and others. QUESTION 5 Figure 4. 5 The figure 4. 5 shows those 4 students who strongly agree and 16 students who are agree to spend their time at least 30 minutes daily to read newspaper. But it is increase one number in neutral which is 17 students who are neutral to spend at least 30 minutes daily to read newspaper. There are 12 students who are disagree about to spent their time to read newspaper. But only one person who is strongly disagrees about this statement. Mostly, students sometime spending their time to read newspaper in the library, buy it themselves or online the news. According to survey, many students love to spend their idle time to read newspaper. Usually, UiTM KBM students refer to read newspaper in the library when they have no class at that time. QUESTION 6 Figure 4. 6 The figure 4. 6 shows the selection of headline among respondent of UiTM KBM students when buy the newspaper. 27% of the respondent choose neutral and disagree for the selection of headline when buy the newspaper which is they would buy the newspaper when the headline is sensationalized. Then, followed by 18% of respondent chose to agree and strongly agree buy the newspaper because of the sensationalized headline and other 10% strongly disagree about the choosing of sensationalized headline when buying the newspaper. From this question, we can see that the bigger amounts of respondent are disagree with the question which is choosing the sensational headline when buying the newspaper and also many of them do not feel like the sensational headline is the issue to buy the newspaper. Other than that, the other respondent shows the attraction of the sensational headline is the factor that they choose to buy the newspaper. QUESTION 7 Figure 4. 7 The figure 4. 7 shows the news in the newspaper that the respondent rate based on the informative news in the newspaper. The higher percentage shows 37% of the respondent agree the news is informative to them and followed by 24% of the respondent strongly agree that the news in the newspaper is informative. About 18% of the respondent feel there are few news in the newspaper is informative and 12% of the respondent disagree the news in the newspaper is informative. The least respondent which is only 10% of them strongly disagree that the news is informative. We can see from this that, the respondent will read the newspaper because they want to information and it show that they realize the newspaper can provide them more information. The least respondent that strongly disagree with the statement that they can get the information from the newspaper because they feel like they would prefer to get the information from other sources like internet, library and etc. QUESTION 8 Figure 4. 8 The figure 4. 8 show the respondent would choose to use both sources to know about the news that represent about 26% of them. Followed by 24 % disagree, 19 % strongly disagree, 17% agree and only 10 % strongly agree. We can see that the respondent prefer to use both source to get what information that they want because they can get the information in newspaper if the information that they want are not shown in the television. The other side, the respondent was strongly disagree with the statement is the second highest because they think that the news also provided in the television and it is for them to understand the information that they want. QUESTION 9 Figure 4. 9 The figure 4. 9 shows the statement that the respondent can get the information from newspaper and 36 percent of them answer they can gain knowledge not only from the newspaper; they also can gain the knowledge from the media Massa. Followed by 32% of respondent agree with the statement, 18% strongly agree, 12% disagree, and only 4% strongly disagree. We can see that they feel easy to gain knowledge from the newspaper because most of the respondents give a positive answer to the question. QUESTION 10 Figure 4. 10 The figure 4. 10 shows the respondent whether they practice or not reading newspaper as a part of the life. Many of them feel like they want to practice it as a part of their life and also try other method to be a habit on gaining the knowledge. We can see that the highest respondent chooses to practice reading newspapers as a part of their life which is 36%. Followed by 22% of respondent agree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life because they can gain more knowledge and also improve their reading skill. 8 percent of the respondent strongly disagree with the practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life, followed by 14% disagree and only 12% strongly disagree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life. QUESTION 11 Figure 4. 11 From the figure 4. 11 it was found that out of 50 respondents, they have chosen parents that influenced them to read the newspaper which contributed 62%. The 12 respondents agree that their peers were influence d them to read the newspaper. Next 8% of the respondents are believe that the lecturer in the university have been influences them to read the newspapers. However, 3 of the respondent said that they self and seeking of the information needed are the factors that influenced them to read newspapers. QUESTION 12 Figure 4. 12 From the figure 4. 12, it was found that the majority of the respondents are read newspaper for 2-3 times in a week. The14 respondents are been chosen that they only read newspaper for 1 time in a week. Then the10 respondents are read the newspaper for 4-5 times in a week. However, there are 8 respondents only read the newspaper for everyday (6-7 times). QUESTION 13 Figure 4. 13 From the figure 4. 3, it was found that the majority of the respondents have been chosen that they are more prefer to the newspaper. The 15 of the respondents are more prefer to the news online. The next 14 of our respondents are preferred on the both types of the newspaper to getting the information and knowledge. QUESTION 14 Figure 4. 14 From the figure 4. 14, it was found that the most of the respondents are choosing Harian Metro as their f avourite newspaper. The 22% of our respondents are choosing News Strait Times. The next 18% of our respondents are choosing The Star. The rest of the respondents are stated other newspaper as their favourite newspaper such as Berita Harian, Utusan, Kosmo and Sinar Harian as the choice. QUESTION 15 Figure 4. 15 From the figure 4. 15, it was found that the majority of the respondents are loved to read News section when they are reading the newspaper. The 32% of the respondents are chosen the Sport section. Then the 28% of the respondents are chosen the Entertainment section every time they read newspaper. The respondent number 17 are choosing Others (he or she are not specify their answer) as their favourite section in the newspaper. QUESTION 16 Figure 4. 16 From the figure 4. 16 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the famous method that newspaper use to attract readers. 50% which is 25 out of 50 respondents choose sensational headline as a newspaper famous method. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose being more creative in packaging the information as a newspaper famous method. Only 9 respondents which is 18% choose do survey of people readership habits method as a newspaper famous method and none of them choose others. QUESTION 17 Figure 4. 17 From the figure 4. 7 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the best benefits that they can get from reading newspaper. 56% which is 28 out of 50 respondents choose new information benefit that they can get from reading newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 choose increase confident level as benefit. Only 5 respondents which are 10% choose improve language and verbal ability as benefit that they can get from reading newspaper and none of them choose others. QUESTION 18 Figure 4. 18 From the figure 4. 18 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the barrier that may hinder them from reading newspaper. 2% which is 21 out of 50 respondents choose lack of awareness as barrier to them from reading newspaper. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose limited time as barrier to them due to a lot of assignment and pack schedule. Only 13 respondents which are 26% choose information obtained from other sources as barrier for them to read newspaper and none of them choose others. QUESTION 19 Figure 4. 19 From the figure 4. 19 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students frequently in visiting the UiTM KBM library for the purpose of reading newspaper. 42% hich is 21 out of 50 respondents will go to the library only at their free periods to read newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 said none of them visited the library for the purpose of reading newspaper. Only 14 out of 50 respondents which are 28% said they had visited the library once only and none of them choose others. QUESTION 20 Figure 4. 20 From the figure 4. 20 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM student’s impression towards newspaper services rendered by the UiTM KBM. 38% which is 19 out of 50 respondents had rate good and poor impression equally. Next, 22% which is 11 respondents out of 50 had rate excellent on newspaper services rendered by the UiTM KBM and only 1 respondent which is 2% had choose others as his or her impression. . IV. Main Conclusion This research investigated the newspaper reading habits among the part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. The primary data were collected by the randomly distributing questionnaires to 50 students. As a mention earlier in the introduction, the purpose of this study was to investigate the newspaper reading habits among student to gain their knowledge. The following conclusions can be draw from the study. To begin with, this study can be that the part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka are still not make reading newspapers to be their habits. In addition, we are believed that the students are not really using the facilities given by the university. They still give some reasons on the refusing reading the newspaper. Therefore parents, lecturer, peers and communities surrounding have to take action to open their eyes that to prove by reading the newspaper they will gain their knowledge that can be use for their future. Otherwise, the student will be lack of the knowledge of current issue around them. However, these findings are only true for the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka students and cannot be generalized to other university students. The same study need to be conducted with students from other universities to see if there are any similarities with the factors that will influence of newspaper reading habits and the effect of that to the student itself for he or she in the future. V. Recommendations Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the following are the several recommendations to increase the newspaper reading habits. Library users read newspaper to get the latest information about what is happening around. Newspaper is essential for university students but due to the enormous explosion of information published in the form of newspapers in different languages in particular, it is impossible for libraries to subscribe all that is published at the national and international levels. Under these circumstances the best way of serving the users is by proper display of newspaper and notifying users about new information related to education. In library there should be adequate newspaper to accelerate reading habits. This study help librarians understand the importance of newspapers and improve the services related to the newspapers. In order to maintain and raise the newspaper reading habit among the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka, the other suggestions and recommendation is to promote newspaper reading habit among other students in this campus. Besides that, electronic newspapers are more help to read all information in a very short period. So, students can read newspaper every time and everywhere. Online newspapers also may help to find out latest development in various fields, employment news and other important news to improve their knowledge skills. On the other hand, the educational institutions should motivate and give opportunity to the students for read online newspapers and improve their knowledge skills. Besides that, as a student, they have to find and make more time for reading, always have a book or newspaper around, set a reading goal, keep a log, keep a list and build your own strategy and drop everything read. VI. References Norazman Abdul Majid, M. A. (2012). Academic Report Writing From Research to Presentation (Updated Second Edition). Kuala Lumpur: Prentice Hall. Kumar, D. (2011). Retrieved from Digital Common University India: http://digitalcommons. unl. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1488;context=libphilprac;sei-redir=1;referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. google. com. my%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dnewspaper%2520reading%2520habits%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D3%26ved%3D0CGEQFjAC%26url%3Dhttp%25 How to cite Research Reading Newspaper Habits, Essays

Demographic Transition Model free essay sample

â€Å"Examine how the demographic transition model may be applied to a named Caribbean society. † The demographic transition theory is the process by which some societies have moved from high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development. The demographic transition model can be applied to the Caribbean islands. Due to the technological development of Barbados, high birth and death rates have been dramatically reduced. In European societies during the nineteen century, growth was differentiated into three phases. The pre-industrial era and the early stages of industrial development both had high birth rates and death rates, producing a stable growing population. Phase two was developed due to the improvements in economic development and living standards. Therefore this Phase had falling mortality rates. However, fertility rates continued at a high level. Further technological improvements and life expectancies resulted in the reduction of fertility rates. This led to phase three of the transition. Similarly, the first three stages of the demographic transition model are similar to the phases of the European societies in the 19th century. In the first stage high birth and death rates occur. In the second stage high birth rates and low death rates are prevalent. Both low birth and death rates are common in the third and fourth stages. However there is a fluctuation in the birth and death rates in the fourth stage. Moreover this demographic transition theory can be applied to the Caribbean countries and in particular Barbados. The fertility rates in Barbados are relatively low, approximately 1. children per woman. Nevertheless, this was not always so. There has been fluctuation in the birth and death rates throughout the centuries due to various events such as slavery and the world wars. In 1829-1832 the birth per 1000 women was approximately 40. 7 whereas the death rate was approximately 30. 6 per 1000 (Population). The country therefore had a natural increase of 10. 1 per 1000. However in the early 1960’s, Barbados saw a steady reduction in birth and death rates due to advances in technology. In 1976 the birth rate per 1000 women was 8 and the death rate per 1000 was 9. Barbados was the first country in the Caribbean to launch an official family planning program which was the most successful in the Caribbean. The main contributing factor to the spectacular decline in birth rates since 1960 in Barbados has been the widespread availability and use of contraceptives. Thomas Malthus predicted that world population growth would outstrip food supply resulting in poverty and misery, however he did not foresee that the population growth would be reduce dramatically through the improvement of technology and the use of contraceptives. He advocated preventative checks such as moral restraint and abstinence. He however admonished the use of contraceptives, stating that it was a vice. The Neo- Malthusians re-emphasized the dangers of overpopulation. They however, did not agree with Malthus on the idea of moral restraint. They believed in the use of contraceptive methods. Contrary to what Malthus propose, the use of contraceptives and family planning, not abstinence or moral restraint has decreased population growth significantly in Barbados. According to CIA world Fact book, July 2012 estimates shows that Barbados has 12. 3 births per 1000 women whereas the death rate was 8. 39 per 1000. The health care in Barbados has improved significantly due to advances in technology. Research in Barbados has shown that the drinking water and sanitation facility access have improved in the rural and urban population by 100% as of 2008. The improvement of the education sector in Barbados also contributes to low fertility rates. Th e government spends approximately 6. 7% of GDP on education expenditure. Barbados has a fertility rate of 1. 9. Unfortunately this is below the replacement level of the current population. This suggests that very little population growth occurs. Women in Barbados are career oriented. The increase in female literacy and employment opportunities lowers the acceptance of childbearing and motherhood. Working women have less time to raise children especially in societies were fathers make little or no contribution to child- raising. Societies’ values have changed throughout the centuries. The increase in urbanization has changed the traditional values placed upon fertility and the value of children in society. Parents realize that they do not need so many children to ensure a comfortable old age. Likewise as infant mortality continues to decrease and income increases. Parents can become increasingly confident that fewer children are needed to help in the family business. Society therefore views children as an economic burden. It can therefore be concluded that the demographic characteristics of the population in Barbados, places the country at the third stage of the 5demographic transition model. With more planning, improvements and advances in technology Barbados will be heading to the post ndustrial stage of the demographic theory. In conclusion, the demographic trasition theory can be applied to Barbados. Characteristics such as low birth and death rates and technological development in Barbados place them in the third stage of the model. It was noted that decreases in birth rates is caused by a transition in values and not just because of the availability of contraceptives. Likewise th e improvements of technology have played a significant role in the reduction of fertility rates and high death rates in Barbados. Bibliography * CIA World Fact book, July 2012 estimates. www. theodora. com/wfbcurrent/barbados/barbados-people. html * World population , volume 79 By the United States, Bureau of the census International Statistics Program Centre * Rhonda Reddock, Christine Barrow, Caribbean Sociology Introductory Readings, Illustrated edition, Published by Ian Randel 2001

Kepler Essays - Copernican Revolution, Cosmologists, Johannes Kepler

Kepler I believe that Kepler contribute order in a time of disorder and chaos. Before Kepler's theory was excepted, everybody believed that God controlled everything and earth is the center of the universe. People at the time were very superstitious, they believed in witches. They were very religious as well; they didn't want to accept anything but God. I think there was chaos because everybody was confused. No one knew the truth of universe and there were many religious wars at the time. Kepler had different views of the world then others because he was a scientist and an astronomer. I noticed that in the play " A Short History of Night" Kepler mentioned few times that things happen according to angles, geometry. That shows how he was very different from others. He didn't agree with the church. He was against what church said and he convinced the others that religion wasn't everything and God doesn't make everything happen. He spent all his life to prove that his theory and at the end he proved that the planets revolve by itself on axis. Which practically proved that church is wrong and that took away some of the powers and belief from the church. This play made me realized how it was in time of chaos. I noticed from beginning of play to end of the play there were many religious wars and battles. And also how religious people were at the time. There were witch hunters and witches were badly tortured and hunters accused even innocent girls and women and burnt them.

Shoes and Bags Company

Shoes and Bags Company Introduction Fashion industry is one of the most developed industries around the world. Many firms have come up in this industry because it is very lucrative. In the United Kingdom, this industry is one of the most attractive, employing a large number of the country’s populace, especially in the private sector. Some of the commodities that have received a lot of attention are bags and shoes (Eggert Ulaga 2002, p. 78).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Shoes and Bags Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These items have become the most commonly purchased items from among the male and female customers. For men, shoes would always be the determinant of one’s class. For this reason, they would shop around; looking for a pair that would reflect a class he would want to identify with. The retailers of this product must therefore know the quality that this section of the market would be looking for. This market segment does not value bags so much. However, they also buy this product, especially the laptop bags or briefcases that would help them during the short journeys. On the other hand, women are the major market segment for bags. They value this product because, just like men, this would always be the symbol of their status (Barnes, Blake Pinder 2009, p. 93). They would want a product that meets their specifications. They would also need shoes to match such bags they purchase. The attractiveness of this industry and the open market structure in this country that allows free entry of firms into this industry has seen an influx of firms into this industry. These firms have mastered the art of trade. Furthermore, they are very competitive. Shoe and Bag Company operates in this field. Although considered one of the leading firms in this industry, this firm finds itself in a very competitive market, with new firms emerging into this industry. There has been a need to ensure that th e firm remains competitive in this industry. Shoes and Bags Company Shoes and Bags Company is a medium sized retail firm that has specialized on the fashion products, especially shoes and bags. This firm operates 50 stores in the entire country. The firm has 3000 part-time employees, and 2000 full-time employees based in various stores. This firm is very dominant in London, where it has 20 stores.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Manchester, Wales and Edinburg, it has 10 stores each. At each store, there are 100 employees, 40 of which are full time, while 60 are part time employees, and a senior manager heads each store. The firm has its head office at Paddington, where there is 100 temporary and 200 permanent staff, of which, twenty are considered senior managers. At the top management, there are four directors and the Chief Executive Officer of the firm. The directors head Finance, Human Resource, Customer Service and Retail Outlet Departments. This firm has always been very competitive in this market. The four units have been coordinating very closely to ensure that the firm is prosperous in this increasingly competitive market. One of the greatest strength has been its experience in this industry. This firm has been in existence for a long period and as such, it is able to predict market forces easily and how this would affect the industry, hence the firm. It knows measures to take in case such occurrences take place. However, the emergence of new technologies has caused a complete disruption. Emerging technologies have brought in new forces that are completely new in this industry. As Milroy (1983, p. 90) notes, currently, there are no such things as permanent competitive advantage. What a firm may consider as a competitive advantage today would be its main undoing in tomorrow’s market. As such, there is needed to be flexible in this market in order to manage market dynamics. This proposal is intended to help this company improve its effectiveness across all the departments in its quest to transform its entire outlook in order to be more competitive in this industry.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Shoes and Bags Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Proposed Activity This proposal is meant to help this firm transform its operations, in a bid to ensure that it is in a position to manage the increasing market competition. In specific, this proposal intends to explain how this firm can integrate emerging technologies into all its operations. As Ulaga and Chacour (2001, p. 75) assert, no firm can manage market competition if it fails to adopt emerging technologies. Emerging technologies hold the answer to the majority of current problems that many firms face in their operations. It is important to note that not all the emerging techn ologies are good and applicable to such a firm as this. Some of the emerging technologies are very destructive, and can cause complete disruption to a firm if employed (Gilbert 2001, p. 63). Another factor to consider about emerging technologies is time taken to implement it. Being too early (technology enthusiasts) may be dangerous because a firm may not have time to determine how effective a given new technology is. Similarly, late adoption is dangerous because the technology may be irrelevant by the time it would be implemented by the firm. Customer service would be the first to adopt new technologies. Customers are very important to this firm. They are the defining force concerning the firm’s success. For this reason, they should be taken care of well if the firm expects to retain the current customers, or retain existing ones. As Bailey (1996, p. 36) says, technology has redefined the marketing approach. Internet marketing has gained more relevance. Through websites, com panies are able to reach out for the customers and even conduct a complete transaction. Shoes and Bags Company needs to develop an interactive website for this department. Interactive in that customer can make inquiries and receive feedback within a reasonably good time. This would attract the internet addicts who happen to visit these sites. The website should also sustain a complete transaction by allowing customers to place their order directly through the internet, pay for the product online, and then get this product delivered.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would demand that the websites be complete shops. Complete shops in the essence that it should have variety of products in each line, each product having its own unique code that a customer would choose. Once the product is picked by one customer, it is replaced immediately in the ‘shelve’ with the code that would be uniquely its (Lindgreen Finn 2005, p. 63). The websites should also allow customers put in complain or complements that would to the firm. This would help the research and development section and the quality assurance unit know how the firm’s products are viewed in the market. This website should also be in a position to inform customers of possible promotional campaigns or direct benefits that a firm could have put in place for them. The next unit that would implement emerging technologies is the Retail Outlets. These outlets need modern technologies that would help them manage their stock. The outlets should adopt new stock taking programs th at would help it determine which products are available for and which needs to be replenished (Payne Holt 2001, p. 40). This programs is designed in such a way that each product that is taken into the store as a new product is fed into the system. The system would then track its movement within the store. This will not only eliminate possible pilferage, but also help the firm know the rate of stock turnover. Through this, it would be in a position to determine which category of products makes the bulk of sales. The Finance Department would also need to develop new technologies that would help it manage its duties as per the expectation. The finance unit would require close monitoring of the sales that takes place both in the online market and in the stores. This department is very sensitive. All the departments look onto it to allocate appropriate funds that would enable them run their duties (Piercy 2009, p. 52). This department depends mostly on the finance generated from the sal es process. This firm should be in a position to track down all sales that have taken place and reconcile the accounts to determine any fraud that could have occurred at any of the processes of the firm. This unit may need to outsource professional auditors at this stage. Human Resource would also need to employ new strategies in order to ensure that it performs its tasks to the expectation of the firm. As Cunningham (2000, p. 29) says, human resource and technology are two extremes that may not function as a collaborative unit. One unit would always displace the other. In most of the cases, technology has been seen as a replacement of human resource. However, as Fifield (2007, p. 38) observes these two units should function hand in hand. They should complement each other. As such, the human resource would be required to develop an understanding of the new technologies and how they are applied in market in the normal running of the firm’s activities. Relevant institutional Re sources and Sustainability Relevant institutions would do the above activities, and they would require a given amount of money to implement them and ensure sustainability. The Chief Executive Officer would be at the center of all the activities of this firm. This is because he, as the focal point of the firm, would need to approve these projects after the research and development unit has evaluated them and made recommendations to this regard. The various heads of departments would be concerned with the activities of their departments, save for the finance department, which would be involved in the operations of all other departments by virtues of its role in the firm. In the development of a website for the firm, the customer service department would need to be financed and it would require involvement of all the departments. Other departments would need to be involved in the development of the website because this website would form the company image to the outside community. This task should not be left to one department (Ward 1999, p. 85). Moreover, this department should involve other departments in the development of the website (especially the Retail Outlets Department), because the website is expected to be in a position to support online sales. It would be necessary to harmonize the sales that take place online and those that take place at the stores. The website should also direct its customers to the nearest outlet in case they need to see the items physically. The Finance Department would need to allocate finance for this project in the initial face. This project would be self sustaining after a given period of time. Through advertisements that other institutions would be making through this website, and the sales generated from online sales, this firm would be in a position to generate a lot of revenue through this. The project of the Retail Outlets is specifically for them. Other departments are may not find direct relevance to it as it majorly c oncerns the management of stocks within the stores. The other concerned party in this case would be the Finance Department which would need to fund the project. This project may be a little more expensive than other proposed projects above. However, it would be very helpful in the long run because by eliminating pilferage, it eliminates profit reduction caused by unscrupulous employees. It would also facilitate ease of recording sales rate for each line of products (Weiss 1994, p. 87). Through this, it would be easy to plan on which line of production to increase investment on. This project would need regular funding at intervals as maintenance fee. The proposed activity of the Finance department specifically affects the unit singly and as such, may not need to involve other departments. The main expense for this department would be the cost of paying the outsourced firms to carry out the auditing task. In the proposed activity of the Human Resource Department, there would be a need to incorporate all the departments. According to Ahmed and Rafiq (2002, p. 26), the Personnel Department affects all other departments of the firm. All the departments have employees who are under the Human Resource Department. When ensuring that employees adopt new technologies, it would be done in line with their respective departments. Hence, employee appraisal would be done in their respective units. Evaluation According to Atkinson (1990, p. 39), projects would be evaluated to determine their effectiveness in achieving the objectives they were intended to meet. The aim of the above proposed projects was to ensure that the firm is transformed to reflect the current market structure in order to be in a position to compete effectively with other firms. The projects must therefore be evaluated to determine if they meet the above objective. Different units would do evaluation of the proposed project. The quality assurance team would evaluate the first proposed project. This team wo uld ensure that the websites functions to its intended purpose. This team would assess the performance of this website from various fronts. All the departments of the business would need the website for various functions. The demands of these departments should be met by this website. it is only through this that the website would be said to be performing as per the expectation of the firm. The other departments would also take part in the evaluation of this website. They will be expected to report on the impact of the website to their various duties. In the proposed project of the sock management at the retail stores, the quality assurance unit in conjunction with the retail outlet management will do the evaluation. The focus in this evaluation would be how well this program is able to track stock of the firm once they get into the retail outlets (Woodruff 1997, p. 49). The program must be a security on its own, and it should not be a program that can easily be manipulate by the em ployees. Another aspect that would be of interest during the evaluation process is the employees’ attitude towards this new system. The notion that should arise is that this program is meant to study movement of stock within the stores in order to help in ascertaining the rate of stock turnover and other management records concerning the stock. The employees should not feel that the new program is meant to ensure that they do not carry any item from the shop. This may discourage them for they would feel that the management does not have trust on them. In the finance department, there would be the need to evaluate how well the firm is able to track down sales in order to ensure that they get the right amount they should receive from other departments. The auditing team may help in this. In the human resource department, of interest during the evaluation process would be how well the employees are adapting to the new technologies that the firm is employing at its various units. There would be the need to ensure that employees are well updated on issues relating to the technology. Justification of the Above Approach The above approach would be very important to this firm. As noted in the introductory part, this market is very competitive. New firms are coming into existence with new methods of production, or just new and better products. This industry is very sensitive to emerging technologies. As Bryman (2001, p. 61) states, fashion wears like shoe and bag have very short life span. Once in the market, it may take a short while before another firm comes out with new designs of the products. As is always the case, the market would always move to the new products, which to them, they will consider to offer more value than the existing products. As such, there would be need to ensure that the firm keeps pace with others in advancing their products. Best (2009, p. 72) says that currently, firms may not survive if they fail to manage market forces. Managing ma rket forces in this case implies that the firm is able to produce new products as often as would be necessary in order to remain competitive. This can best be achieved through managing the emerging technologies. By adopting the emerging technologies as stated above, the firm would find it easy to manage emerging technologies. This would help it remain competitive. Timeline The timeline for the adoption of the above-proposed projects per department can best be represented in the Gantt chart below. List of References Ahmed, K Rafiq, M 2002, Internal Marketing tools and concepts for customer-focused management, Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier, Oxford. Atkinson, P 1990, The Ethnographic Imagination: Textual Constructions of Reality Routledge, London. Bailey, A 1996, A Guide to Field Research, California, Forge Press, Pine. Barnes, C, Blake, H Pinder, D 2009, Creating Delivering your Value Proposition, Kogan Page, London. Best, RJ 2009, Market-Based Management Strategies for Growing C ustomer value and Profitability, New Jersey, Pearson. Bryman, A 2001,Social Research Methods, OUP, Oxford. Cunningham, B 2000, The stress management sourcebook, Free Press, Los Angeles. Eggert, A Ulaga, W 2002, â€Å"Customer-perceived value: a substitute for satisfaction in business markets?† Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, Vol. 17, no. 2, pp 107-125. Fifield, P 2007, Marketing Strategy: The Difference between Marketing and Markets, Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. Gilbert, N 2001, Researching Social Life, Sage, London. Lindgreen, A Finn, W 2005, â€Å"Value in business markets: What do we know? Where are we going? Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 34, no. 2, pp 732- 748. Milroy, L 1983, Observing and Analyzing Natural Language, Blackwell, Oxford. Payne, A Holt, S 2001, â€Å"Diagnosing Customer Value: Integrating the Value Process and Relationship Marketing†, British Journal of Management, Vol. 12, no. 2, pp 159 182. Piercy, NF 2009, Market -Led Strategic Change, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. Ulaga, W Chacour, S 2001, â€Å"Measuring customer-perceived value in business markets: a prerequisite for marketing strategy development and implementation†, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 30, no. 6, pp 525 540. Ward, K 1999, Cyber-ethnography, and the emergence of the virtually new community, Journal of Information Technology 14: 95-105. Weiss, R 1994, Learning from Strangers: The Art and Method of Qualitative Interview Studies, The Free Press, New York. Woodruff, RB 1997, â€Å"Customer Value: The Next Source for Competitive Advantage†, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences, Vol. 25, no. 2, pp 139-154.

Observing a four-month-old baby Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Observing a four-month-old baby - Assignment Example At four months, babies are able to express themselves, making themselves an active part of their social environment. Observation The focus of the observation was a male baby named Sean Darren from Pennsylvania. This baby boy is developing fast under the care of his mother. He was born with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD), thus he was recommended to avoid certain foods like beans and soya. Some drugs or medications may also be harmful for him, thus he should not be given any medicine without the doctor’s advice. At his age, Sean is beginning to show funny tricks that make him look lovelier. He can recognize familiar faces of people around him; hence he calls the attention of his mother if he sees her around when he awakes. Similarly, he does not want to go with strangers and seems to choose people he goes with. He recognizes his own platter and jolts when he sees his mother holding it. He also takes his milk to his mouth and holds the bottle with the support of a cushion or pillow. Sean cries when he is hungry and wet. He feels uncomfortable to wear wet diapers so his mother makes it a point to change his diapers every 3-4 hours or earlier when needed. At the time of the observation, he was playing with his mother who was holding a rattle. Sean focuses his attention on the little toy, and grabs the toy from his mother and drops it on the sofa. His grip at this stage is not yet strong. He does this repeatedly, while his mother keeps on picking the toy and giving it to Sean. At times, Sean would hold the toy to his mouth and attempt to bite it but fails to do so because he could not place the handle of the toy exactly into his mouth. When he got tired, he turned to his mother’s ring and tried to take it but failed because the ring is in her mother’s finger. After a while, his attention was led to his feet, and he held his feet for more than three minutes while he laughed at his mother whom he thought was talking to him. Sea n smiles a lot when he is playing with colorful things. He has some colorful toys hanging above his crib. He tries to get hold of them by raising his hand while lying on his sleeping cushion. When carried by his mother, the little boy would grab anything, especially colorful things he sees around him. If he is successful in taking what he wants, he would usually take it to his mouth and chew. He drools while he plays with the object in his mouth. Age Based on his behavior and actions, Sean looks like a four-month old baby. Four-month-old babies are nice to hold because they can already react to stimuli in their environment. From looking at things and staring at them, four-year-olds are able to grab them and explore using their hands and mouth. Just like other four-year-old kids, Sean would take something and bring it to his mouth. At his age, he can roll on his side and sleep on his chest and crawl at short distances. With support from his mother, Sean can put his weight on his feet but is unable to stand on his own or even with support. Moreover, four-month-old babies can interact with people around them. They smile and giggle at people who are smiling at them. According to the Cooperative Extension Website, when tickled, these babies could laugh loud and babble. Additionally, four-month olds prefer sitting with support than lying on their backs. They can roll from side to side, lift their head forward, grab things around them, and put things inside

Bioacoustics Monitoring Contributes to an Understanding of Climate Essay

Bioacoustics Monitoring Contributes to an Understanding of Climate Change - Essay Example The high levels of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) yielded from the continuous combustion of fossil fuels is considered one of the major impacts of climate change on ocean acidification. This huge change contributes to diminishing the absorption of sound. Since half of the total percentage of CO2 caused by the consumption is absorbed by oceans, the percentage of acid in the ocean has increased causing the pH level of oceans to drop (Orr et al., 2005). According to the authors, the diminishing of sound absorption has impact on underwater animals’ behavior and will lead to some of these animals adapting new behaviors. However, these adjustments can be harmful to some and beneficial to others. According to the others, the reduction of sound absorption leads to sound travelling longer distances, which can result to a noisy environment for underwater species. This can lead to the extinction of some species which cannot obtain food in the noisy environment. Also, marine animals such as wheels will have to adjust their frequency, take more time and use more sound to communicate with each other. On the other hand, it would be beneficial for wheel to maintain communication with each other in further distance since sound travels faster and further. However, other studies disagree that the increasing in ocean acidification will cause measurable changes in underwater animals’ behaviors, claiming that these studies need to be tested. Unlike oceans, the impact of climate change on freshwater cannot be easily predicated for many reasons. One of these reason is that fishes in freshwater are ectotherms. Hence, the effect of climate change can vary between species. Another reason according to Hobday and Lough is that freshwater systems, unlike oceans, do not follow under the Global Climate Models because of their small sizes. Animals have established ways of

Research Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Article - Essay Example According to the authors, this study is the first step in definition of differences related to location and kind of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and awareness of mutation-specific dangers may offer critical information for evaluation of clinical risk which will assist women and their physicians to establish the finest treatment plan for them. Everybody has BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes; which carries instructions for manufacturing proteins that are tasked with fighting tumors through fixation of mistakes in the DNA. Nevertheless, some unfortunate individuals experience mutations in these genes that increase their vulnerability of getting ovarian and breast cancers as well as other cancers such as prostrate, pancreas, peritoneum and fallopian tubes). It is approximated that 1 in 300 to 1 in 800 individuals have one of these destructive mutations. Nonetheless, some populations have much higher prevalence. Having BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations raises the risk of having both ovarian and breast cancers by various percentages. A JAMA study enlisted over 30,000 women from 33 countries on six continents; all having BRCA mutations known to raise the risk of cancer. Over 90 percent of the women were white while almost 10 percent were Ashkenazi Jews. The women were categorized into â€Å"bins† on the basis of where mutations occurred in the genome. They then examined to know how many women in every bin were diagnosed with ovarian/breast cancer while being monitored. It was discovered that 46 percent of the 19,581 women having a BRCA1 mutation tested positive for breast cancer, 12 percent tested positive for ovarian cancer,5 percent had both and only 37 percent were cancer free. In addition, the average age during diagnosis was 39.9 year s for breast cancer and more than 50 for ovarian cancer. On the other hand, amongst the 11,900 women having BRCA2 mutation 52 percent tested positive for breast

Importance of Studying Child and Adolescent Development

Importance of Studying Child and Adolescent Development Cognitive developmental theories are based on research that indicates an individuals development from birth to adulthood. It was once believed that babies werent aware of their surroundings until they started to learn to speak, however we all know this isnt the case and researchers have proved this theory in a number of studies. From birth through infancy and into adulthood we constantly develop and learn from genetic and learned factors. As children grow into adolescents and then into adults, individual and innate characteristics (hereditary) and life experience (environment) play an increasing role as children adapt to internal and external conditionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Papalia, Olds, Wendkos, Feldman, Duskinn p 12) We learn from our surroundings as well as from inherited traits. This paper examines three cognitive theories namely Piagets Cognitive Theory, Social Cognitive Theory and Eriksons Cognitive Theory. This paper examines the key points and postulates of the theories, the basic similarities and differences between the theories. It is very significant to understand the relationships between adolescent and child development for the proper rearing of an individual. This paper also explains the reason for this. Piagets Cognitive Stage Theory Psychologist and life scientist, Jean Piaget, formed a theory that was based on the fact that children go through 4 developmental stages from birth to the age of 15. His research was done on his own children of which he formulated his conclusion of how a developing child perceives the world around them. His theory concerned the growth of intelligence which for Piaget, meant the ability to more accurately represent the world and perform logical operations on representations of concepts grounded in the world. (Nation Master Encyclopedia 2005). Jean Piagets 4 stages of development are as follows: Sensorimotor Stage This stage involves children from birth to the age of two. The baby establishes an apprehension of herself or himself and realism (and the way matters work) by encounters with the surroundings and ecology.(Learning Theories Knowledge Base 2009). This stage is when a baby starts to identify the difference between right and wrong, and yes and no. Because they can relate to a wide range of viewpoints, they no longer feel that there is an absolute standard of right and wrong (Papalia, Olds, Wendkos, Feldman, Duskinn p. 355). The baby is capable of distinguishing between herself or himself and various other substances around. The cognitive process happens through absorption (the arrangement of entropy and absorbing it into subsisting scheme) and adjustment (when a substance cannot be absorbed and the schemes have to be altered to admit the substance). Preoperational Stage This stage comprises children from the age of two to four. The infant is still not capable of conceiving theoretically and requires strong physical circumstances. Substances are relegated in simple methods, particularly by significant characteristics. During this stage it is said that a child has the inability to be able to put themselves in others shoes. They think that everyone else feels the same way they do when they are feeling a certain way. The child is typically described as being egocentric during this phase. Egocentrism refers to the childs inability to see a situation from another persons point of view. According to Piaget, the egocentric child assumes that other people see, hear and feel exactly the same as the child does. (McLeod 2007). Concrete Operations This stage comprises children between the ages of seven to eleven. Jean Piagets concrete operational approach is the third of four stages. According to Piaget this stage of development begins at around age seven and ends at about age eleven.During this time, children gain a better understanding of mental operations, children begin thinking logically about concrete events, but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts (Van Wagner 2005). This stage is seen beginning at the elementary years. The infant initiates to conceive theoretically and gestating, making coherent structures that explicate her or his physical encounters. Formal Operations This stage comprises children between the ages of eleven to fifteen. This child learns to think creatively and logically putting outcomes to particular actions. By this particular stage, the individual no longer needs strong substances to decide intellectual assessments. He or she is able to reason with deduction and hypothesis. As adolescents enter this stage, they gain the ability to think in an abstract manner, the ability to combine and classify items in a more sophisticated way. (McLeod 2007). Piaget used a series of experimental data from a number of children to come to the conclusion that children develop a significant amount of logical reasoning during this period. Social Cognitive Theory Albert Banduras Social Cognitive Theory explicates cognition in terms of the interrelation between demeanor, ecological aspects, and personal aspects. It also furnishes the theoretical account for synergistic cognition utilized to formulate both Cooperative Cognition and Constructivism. (SCT 2007) Bandura conducted several studies on the idea that children learn behavior from others. Evaluating behavioral change depends on the factors environment, people and behavior. SCT provides a framework for designing, implementing and evaluating programs. (Glanz 2004). An example of Banduras theory can be observed in a household. If a child has parents who have anger issues and are always exploding when they get upset, chances are the behavior will be observed and performed by their children. The child will learn to think that this is the correct way to act and in turn mimic their parents. As per the Social Cognitive Theory, the learner develops cognition as her or his surrounding comes together with personal encounters and personal lineaments. (Kids Development 2009) Fresh encounters are assessed face-to-face with the past; anterior encounters succor to gradually lead and communicate to the learner as to in what way the present must be looked into. Eriksons Psychosocial Theory Eriksons Psychosocial Theory growth is one of the best-recognized hypotheses of personality in psychological science. He conceived that personality springs up in a sequential manner, in eight stages. His theory depicts the affect of social encounter across the entire lifetime. It lays down the basis of a properly growing individual should develop from an infant to maturity. In every stage the individual faces, and hopefully overcomes, fresh challenging situations. First Stage Mistrust vs. Trust This stage comprises infants ranging from birth to two years of age. The child relies on the parents, particularly the mother, for comfortableness, existence, and food. The infants comparative apprehension of society and world descend from the parents and their involvement with the infant. During the first year of life, a baby forms their first feelings about the world and whether or not it is a safe place based on the level of consistent care provided by caregivers. (Kids Development 2009) If the parents allow the infant to tenderness, regularity, and reliable lovingness, the perception of the child of the world will be one of faith. If the parents go wrong in furnishing a safe surrounding and in meeting the requirements of the infant, a feeling of disbelief will consequence. Second Stage Autonomy vs. Shame This stage comprises children between the ages of two to three. As the child develops check over eliminative operations and motor capabilities they initiate to ascertain their environment. The parents even in this stage furnish a strong ground of safety from which the infant can embark out to put forward their volition. The forbearance of the parents and support succors further liberty in the infant. Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident (Van Wagner 2005). Third Stage Initiative vs. Guilt During the years of primary schooling, children start to asseverate their check and power over the world by aiming play and other social involvement. Children who are flourishing at this stage decipher the capability and ability to guide others. Those who go wrong in attaining these acquisitions are left with a guilty conscience, absence of initiative and self-dubiousness. During this stage it is helpful when parents are actively rewarding their children for doing right rather than wrong. It helps a child prosper more and feel more confident when they know their parents are recognizing their good deeds and encouraging them to act in this manner more. Fourth Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority This stage comprises children between the age of five to eleven. Through social involvements, children start to grow a feeling of plume in their works and capabilities. Children who are supported and guided by teachers and parents grow a sense of competency and faith in their acquisitions. Parents and teachers who provide positive feedback can help children to feel confident and capable, vital characteristics for happiness and future success(Kids Development 2009) Those who attain no or little support from teachers, friends, or parents will incertitude their capability to be prosperous. Fifth Stage Identity vs. Confusion This comprises teenagers. During teenage years, teenagers are enjoying their liberty and growing a feeling of self. According to Bandura, those who attain support through personal ascertaining will emanate from this stage with a concrete feeling of self and a sense of liberty and check. Those who retain dubious of their faiths and wishes will be unsure and insecure about the futurity and themselves. (Van Wagner 2009). Sixth stage Intimacy vs. Isolation This stage engulfs the period of early maturity when people are experiencing personal kinships. Erikson conceived it was critical that individuals acquire intimate, committed kinships with other individuals. Those who are victorious at this stage will acquire kinships that are committed and safe. Those who wont will endure isolation. Seventh Stage Generativity vs. Stagnation When teenagers become adults, they go on to establish their lives, centering on family and career. Those who flourish during this stage will think that they are adding to the world by being dynamic in their society and home. These are the years when careers flourish families are raised and people find their comfort zones being productive and responsible members of society. (Kids Development 2009) Those who do not succeed to achieve this acquisition will consider themselves ineffectual and detached from the world. Eighth Stage Integrity vs. Despair This stage comes in to action in old age and is centered on pondering back over life. Those who are abortive during this stage will think that their life had been a waste and will encounter many types of rue. The person will be left with resentments and desperation. Those who have pride in their achievements will have a feeling of wholeness. Prosperously finishing this stage means retrospection with few rues and a sense of satiation. These people will achieve sapience, even when facing demise. Similarities Between The Theories All the three theories basically throw light upon the development of personality of an individual throughout their lifetime. They suggest that an individual analyzes his or her surrounding and people around and learn in the process, and the cognition in return helps them, to make an impact on the society and on the world and have a successful life. All the theories assume the utilization of the scientific processes, and usually refuse self-examination as a reasonable process of probe, dissimilar to the pleasure-driven advances like the theories formulated by Sigmund Freud. They denotatively recognize the subsistence of internal mental conditions like trust, wants, support and encouragement. Sensationalism of the theories aggregated with the espousal of internal mental conditions present the validity of the theories as suggested by the three theories. All the theories can be successfully employed educational exercises and kinships. Differences Between The Three Theories The theories formulated by Piaget concerns development from birth to the age of fifteen, where as the theories of Erikson concerns the development process from birth till old age. So, Eriksons theory is a wider conceptualization. Piaget observed his own children for the purpose of formulation of the theories, whereas there were no such circumstances in case of the formulation of theories by Eric Erikson. On the contrary, the social cognitive theory does not focus on people belonging to any particular age group. Eriksons theory bases its assumptions on social and self preferences, whereas Piagets theory bases its assumptions on the capabilities of a child and senses. On the other hand, the assumptions of the Social Cognitive theory were primarily based on the environment in which an individual lives. One of the primary formulations in the theory suggested by Erikson was the ego individuality, which is a conscious self-sense that is acquired through coming in contact with various aspects of the society. Erikson suggested that an individuals ego individuality constantly alters due to altering encounters and altering interactions. There is no such definition in the theory proposed by Jean Piaget, although the developmental alterations are discussed in four different stages. This aspect is described in the Social Cognitive Theory as mutual assessment, as said by one of the famous psychologists promoting this theory, Albert Bandura, emphasizing on the fact that not only does the surrounding around an individual crusade demeanor, but also the demeanor of an individual crusades the surroundings. Importance Of Understanding Child And Adolescent Development Since sundry decades, the inter-relation between health, psychological growth and physical development have become apparent. It is very necessary to apprehend how children and adolescents develop, in what environment they are being brought up and how much encouragement and support they receive from their peers and family. As we might have seen through many practical experiences, a happy childhood leads to a contended adult. Individuals who did not have a happy childhood fear from taking new challenges in life, where the ones with a happy childhood can confidently face new challenges, one of the reasons being that they know there are people who will support them and foster them through trifles of life. Adolescents are very fickle and are very likely to be influence by the bad elements of the society. Therefore, parents and peers must understand in what environment and adolescent and a child grows so that he or she acquires the acquisitions to take the right decisions whenever required . Most importantly, the environment in which an individual grows must be monitored and understood well to ensure proper development of the individual. Conculsion The basic attention of the researches conducted by Jean Piaget, Eric Erickson and Albert Bandura has been on how to attain, work on and store entropy collected during the lifetime of an individual. There exist diverse practical diligences for cognitive theories, like enhancement of memory, enhancement of resolution-taking efficacy, and the strengthening of educational and emotional spheres in the life of an individual. From birth through adolescence and into our adulthood years theorist have proved that we develop through inherited traits along with influences from our environment.

Summary of the Film Seabiscuit Essay -- essays research papers

The movie Seabiscuit is based on the true story of Red Pollard and his achievement of self-fulfillment through his success as a jockey. At the start of the movie, Red is an unimportant, self-doubting boxer and jockey who has never experienced success in his life. As the movie continues, Red meets two other men, Charles Howard and Jim Smith, who feel as though they have no purpose in life. Throughout the course of the movie, these three men are able to use their passions and motivation to become a successful horse racing team. By the conclusion of Seabiscuit, Red, Charles, and Jim have changed from depressed, unhappy men to an inspiration for all of America. Seabiscuit is a uniquely American film because it tells of the fulfillment of the American dream through Red Pollard and his coworkers, who rise from a life of depression and failure to an inspiring life of success. As a child, Red grows up in a wealthy household where he is taught how to ride. When the Great Depression struck America, Red’s family lost their money, forcing him to leave his home and work poorly pai...

Critically Discuss How Identity Is Successfully Used As A Form Of Organizational Control

Introduction The aim of this essay is to develop an understanding of identity and critically analyze how identity can be successfully used in an organizational control. It will provide a critique of dominant perspectives and frameworks in organizational identity that are obtained by studies in various academic materials, by referring to theories and research in related experiences and case studies. Meanwhile, positive and negative impacts of use of identity in organizational control will be estimated. Finally, a brief conclusion will be conducted and relevant considerations will be presented so as to effectively look at the use of identity regulation as organizational control. In order to better understand identity in organization studies, this essay will firstly aim to distinguish the difference between the terms ‘personality’ and ‘identity’. According to Kenny et al. (2011), personality can be defined as the integration of characteristics patterns of thoughts, emotions and behaviors that form an individual’s unique character. It is usually relatively stable for life; however the term identity, on the other hand, can change and turn into multiplicity as influence by external elements, such as social or cultural situations (Kitay and Wright, 2007). This change is because most people would like to associate themselves with a number of identities, while those significant identities will permit people to better believe in the occupation they do (Kitay and Wright, 2007). This has been further explained by Kenny et al. (2011, p.3) who state that identity can involve identification with factors (local context, culture and history ) that people call ‘our personality’ but can also belong to ‘group membership’, which particularly emerges in the workplace. According to the research of scholars in different sectors, identity has been systemically defined in different theoretical perspectives and is also seen as a social category or ‘label’ in workplaces. Henri Tajfel and John Turner proposed social identity theory as they consider people generally use their experiences to identify themselves in certain social groups and dis-identify with others (Mattewman et al., 2009). In other words, they over-stress diversities with the out-group and underrate diversities within the in-group (O’Conner and Annison, 2002). Similarly, this perspective can be related to the idea of homo-sociability, which considers that people prefer to contact with and accept a person who is more like them, such as same social categories of class, age or religion (Kenny et al., 2011). Moreover, Zuboff (1988) and Brewis (2004) pointed out Foucauldian perspective which states people usually would like to identity with the sounds of thought or dominant discourses, therefore in this regard ‘subjectivity’ becomes the powerful relationship to shape individual identities in society. Foucauldian perspective, to some extent, can be seen as the idea of stereotypes; for example, many organizations will assume managers, especially in senior level, are male rather than female because of the cultural norm (Kanter, 1977). Mead (1934) and Goffman (1969) are two main thinkers in this symbolic interactionism perspective. Mead observes that individuals can constitute of ‘Me’ (how we perceive others to think of us) and ‘I’ (the kinds of attitudes and behaviors we use to interact with others). Similarly, Goffman observes identity as the ‘continuing process of managing how we present ourselves to others’ (Kenny et al., 2011, p.15). Both views can be summed up in that people always establish their self-awareness through social interaction with other people (Gardner and Avolio, 1998). The above acade mic theories contribute a holistic view to allow people to further study ‘identity’ and ‘control’ in-depth. Researchers and management practitioners should seriously consider identity from different perspectives and categories in the society so as to ensure diversity and equality in the organizational management. Identity is a multidimensional concept that can be developed at individual, group and organizational level (Puusa, 2006). Nowadays, there is increasing interest in understand identity in organizational control studies. According to Kenny et al. (2011, p.1), ‘the significance of identity was not simply recognized by management, it was identified as something that could be shaped and controlled by management’. The concept of identity was first looked at from a management point of view by F.W.Taylor in 1911. In his opinion, a person’s identity proves to be a barrier to scientific management (Rose, 1988). As he believed that money was the best and only way to motivate people to work effectively, workers should lose their notion of identity so as to be prepared to fit in to different management models (Kenny et al., 2011). In a lower hierarchy level, Taylor’s theory seems to relatively correct. However, studies have shown that workers resisted these ‘scien tific’ methods as they considered that being a part of the group was more significant than earning more money (Kenny et al., 2011). Thus, it can be deemed that meaningful work is a strong dynamic of motivation and performance, and identity (e.g feeling a part of the group) is one of the important subjective factors that motivate people to work. This is in line with several commentators of the ‘human relation movement’ which states that identity is no longer to be removed by organizational management; for example Maslow’s ‘hierarchy of needs’, and Alderfer’s Relatedness Existence theories. They entirely agreed that employees were stimulated not only by physical factors or money, but also by emotional and social needs in the group (Ross, 1988; Buchanan and Huczynski, 2004). Those needs are strong identification to lead employees to ‘go to extra mile’ (become more flexible and productive) as well as improve their working passi on and enthusiasm (‘discretionary effort’) within the organization (Alvesson and Willmott, 2002). Therefore, it can be asserted that identity is the key engine to driving employees’ internal motivation in the organization. This is also supported by Alvesson and Willmott (2002, p. 621), who argue that identity is definitely ‘a significant, neglected and increasingly important modality of organizational control’. Organizational identity is known as the employees’ view of the organization, which attempts to answer the question of ‘who are we as an organization’ (Kenny et al, 2011). It affords organizations with a feasible framework for understanding their internal behaviors (Whetten, 2006). Albert and Whetten (1985) argue that organizational identity embodies three significant characteristics which are central, distinctive and enduring. Following Albert and Whetten’s (1985) notion, several scholars further identified organizational identity in two different conceptions; realist and constructionist (Gioia and Thomas, 1996; Elstak and Van Riel, 2004). Realists believe that organizational identity is established on the properties of the organization themselves. Conversely, constructionists consider that a set of beliefs is understood by how employees make sense of the organizations. Therefore, through this dynamic, dialectic process it can be proven that employees both shape, and are shaped, by their organizational membership (Puusa, 2006). Meanwhile, it also can further allege that organizations with a strong identity have central attributes, distinctive from other corporations and maintaining that for long-term periods can lead organizations to motivate their employees more effectively and successfully. The positive impacts of organizational identity could appear in several aspects. Firstly, employees will become more self-managing and prefer to approach their jobs with passion and enthusiasm as well as undertaking their responsibilities seriously (Knights and Willmott, 1999). Secondly, it is an essential approach for an organization to attract high-quality employees in order to embrace employees’ desired values and allow them to treat the values as their own (Kenny et al, 2011). Moreover, it can gain and retain employees’ loyalty, commitment and involvement so as to compensate less job security and employment durability in the workforce (Alvesson and Willmott, 2002). Furthermore, managing through shared values, thoughts and feelings have replaced the original ways of managing behaviors (Knights and Willmott, 1999). This has been further explained by Kenny et al. (2011) who stressed that organizations don’t just want to recruit the people who think that they wil l fit into the workplace, but they are now more focused on how to shape employees’ sense of identity after they join. As culture is contingent upon identity, managing ‘corporate culture’ is integral to managing identity, which can be seen as the most common way to shape employees’ self-identity and behaviors (Kenny et al., 2011). On the other hand, organizational identity also brings some problems which organizers have to bear in mind. Firstly, organizational identity attempts to over control employees’ hearts and minds; this can link back to Foucauldian perspective which estimated that employees’ sense of identity can be strongly dominated by ‘enterprise discourse’ (Du Gay, 1996; Kenny et al., 2011). Following this problem, employees’ creativity and innovative skills will minimize or even cannot be discovered in the corporation; therefore it will critically affect organizational improvement and development. Furthermore, employees may feel anxiety or guilty if they attempt to judge or fail to follow the sanctified values of an organization (Schwartz, 1987). Due to the above feelings and matters, ethics has become an ambiguous issue when implementing identity management as organizational control, and it may relate to ‘bureaucratic’ control mechanisms’ probl ems as well (Alvesson and Willmott, 2002). Although there are some negative impacts of using identity as a form of organizational control, there are still many famous companies carefully and successfully designing and advertising their corporate values by managing organizational identity, such as Apple, Alibaba and IKEA (Kenny et al., 2011). Therefore, it can be affirmed that organizational identity is not only focusing on one company or region; it becomes more internationalization and globalization at present. Because of this phenomenon, there are increasing numbers of concentrated issues of identity presented in the workplace as well, such as gender and managerial roles issues; the changing idea of professionalism and the international business activities (Fondas, 1997; Alvesson, 2000; Alvesson and Willmott, 2002). In order to diminish the above issues and manage identity effectively, organizers should provide more opportunity for employees to arrange their agenda and working practices, to maintain a sense of freedom to help motivate people at work, this is classed as ‘micro-emancipation’ (Alvesson and Willmott, 2002). This sense of freedom could be better enforced to show and understand in a new standard form of organizational control, which is called fun organizational identities. This new form not only encourages diversity and allows employees to express their ‘genuine’ feelings in the workplace, but also assists to increase productivity, creativity, inspiration and reduced employee turnover (Fleming and Sturdy, 2009; Ford et al.,2003). For instance, Southwest Airlines is known as a fun organization to work for, which classes employee satisfaction and customer loyalty as more important than corporate profits. They consider people their ‘single greatest streng th and the most enduring long-term competitive advantage’ (Southwest’s Airlines Careers, 2014). Southwest Airlines’ unique identity makes them stand out from all others and delivers benefits to both individuals and the organization. However, there are still a number of disadvantages of having a fun work environment in organizations, such as professionalism at work, reports of sexual harassment and interpersonal conflicts (Ford et al., 2003). Thus, managers should bear those issues in mind and find out solutions as soon as possible so that they can become distinctive to other corporations and reduce the potential risks in the early stage. Organizations should also be conscious of the variation in levels of identification within their workforce (Dutton et al., 1994). Humphreys and Brown (2002) declare that identification is usually a complex and partial procedure, and they defined this process in three categories, which are dis-identification, schizo-identification and neutral identification. And a similar set of classes has been proposed by Collinson (2003) in three levels, these are, conformist selves, dramaturgical selves and resistant selves. Based on these theories, managers should try to use different methods to manage identity so as to stimulate employees to work harder and perform better and also to obtain a high degree of employees who define themselves as a part of the organization (Kenny et al., 2011). According to Kenny et al. (2011), organizations can manage identity in five different ways; these are controlling, concealing, exploiting, faking and shaping. In practice, in order to make employees have a sense of belonging, loyalty and commitment, and be willing to promote the organization’s vision, the organizers should focus on managing their identity in the following ways: a) allow employees to see and know about their career planning in the company, thereby creating hope for them; b) organizations need to explicitly promote the values and vision of the corporation to establish an industry benchmark. For example a hotel brand should treat Accor Hotel Group as their final objective and formulate a long-term, detailed schedule to achieve this goal. This schedule can include how many hotels should open in one year or how this hotel brand can develop in five years or ten years; c) the organization should have strong corporate social responsibility, which includes creating mo re job opportunities, especially for disabled people, environment protection (e.g haze or flood) and good employee welfare (e.g set up a compliant institution so as to protect employees’ benefits). If organizations can accomplish the above steps successfully, employees will feel part of the organization and will be proud of it, and also will put their shoulders on the wheel in order to achieve their career objectives. Additionally, organizations should also manage identity in terms of physical and moral support so as to increase employees’ sense of honor in the group. For example a Japanese senior manager will bow his thanks to the best employees every day, and organizations usually would like to hold some activities to let employees vent outside of their work. In 2010, Foxconn had 18 employees attempt to commit suicide with a total of 14 deaths (Moore, 2012). This example shows the importance of managing identity to motivate employees in an organization. Therefore, managers should take into account Alvesson and Willmott’s (2002) eight methods of regulating identity in organizations, such as knowledge and skills; the rules of the game and hierarchical location, to better understand different ways of managing identity and successfully carry them out in the workplace. Overall, identity is a true essence of who and what the organization is. It is a significant organizing element for everything people say and do in the workplace and it affects the characters, values, communications, decisions and strategies of the organization. Organization with a strong identity becomes easier to make decisions and solve their internal conflicts. Employees can clearly know what is expected of them, understand the company and also feel part of the team. Ethical ambiguities and some other issues still affect the idea of identity regulation in organizational control. Moreover, due to the fast changing pace of business life at present, identity cannot be ‘enduring’ in the organization and it may change with the surrounding environments. For example, the Equality Act 2010 presents a new ‘protected’ status to certain social groups which may influence employees’ sense of identity and identification. Thus, management practitioners have to d eeply understand the different methods of identity management proposed by Kenny et al.’s (2011) and Alvesson and Willmott’s (2002) and then integrate those methods to solve the existing challenges in the working environment so as to successfully use identity as a form in organizational control. References Albert,S. and Whetten,D.A. (1985). Organizational identity. Research in organizational behavior, 7, pp.263-295. Alvesson,M. (2000). Social identity and the problem of loyalty in knowledge-intensive companies. Journal of Management Studies, 37 (6), pp.1101-1123. Alvesson,M. and Willmott,H. (2002). Identity Regulation as Organizational Control: Producing the Appropriate Individual. Journal of Management Studies, 39 (5), pp.619-644. Buchanan,D. And Huczynski, A. (2004). Organizational Behavior. 5th ed. Harlow: Pearson. Collinson,D. (2003). Identities and insecurities: selves at work. Organization, 10 (3), pp.527-547. Du Gay, P. (1996). Consumption and Identity at Work. London: Sage. Dutton, J., Dukerich,J. and Harquail,C.V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39, pp. 239-263. Elstak, M.N. and Van Riel, C.B.M. (2004). Closing ranks: how a collective threat shifts salience from organizational to corporate identity. Best Papers. Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management. New Orleans. Fondas,N. (1997). Feminization unveiled: management qualities in contemporary writings. Academy of Management Review, 22, pp.257-282. Ford, R. C., McLaughlin, F. S., and Newstrom, J. W. (2003). Questions and answers about fun at work. Human Resource Planning, 26(4), pp.18-33. Fleming, P. and Sturdy, A.J.(2009). Just Be Yourself – Towards Neo-Normative Control in Organizations. Employee Relations, 31(6), pp. 569 – 583. Gardner,W.L. and Avolio,B.J. (1998). Charismatic leadership, a dramaturgical perspective. Academy of Management Review, 23 (1), pp.32-58. Gioia,D.A. and Thomas,J.(1996). Identity, image and issue interpretation: sensemaking during strategic change in academia. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, pp.370-403. Humphreys,M. and Brown,A.D.(2002). Narratives of organizational identity and identification: a case study of hegemony and resistance. Organization Studies, 23 (3), pp.421-447. Kenny,K., Whittle,A.and Willmott,H. (2011). Understanding Identity and Organizations. Sage publications. Kitay, J. and Wright, C. (2007). From prophers to profits: the occupational rhetoric of management consultants. Human Relations, 60(11), pp.1613-1640. Knighs,D. and Willmott,H.C. (1999). Management Lives: Power and Identity in Contemporary Organizations. London:Sage. Mattewman,L.J., Rose, A. and Hetherington,A. eds. (2009). Work Psychology: An Introduction to Human Behaviour in the Workplace. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Moor, M.(2012). ‘Mass suicide’ protest at Apple manufacturer Foxconn factory. [Online]. (URL http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/9006988/Mass-suicide-protest-at-Apple-manufacturer-Foxconn-factory.html). 2014. (Accessed 09 Dec 2014). O’Conner, E.J. and Annison, M.H. (2002). Building trust and collaboration between physicians and administrators. The Physician Executive, 28, pp.48-52. Puusa, A. (2006). Conducting Research on Organizational Identity. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 11, pp. 24-28. Rose,M. (1988). Industrial Behaviour: Theoretical Development Since Taylor. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Schwartz,H.S. (1987). On the psycho-dynamics of organizational disaster: the case of the space shuttle Challenger. Columbia Journal of World Business, 22(1), pp.59-67. Southwest’s Airlines Careers (2014). Southwest’s Core. [Online]. (URL https://www.southwest.com/html/about-southwest/careers/index.html?clk=GFOOTER-ABOUT-CAREERS). 2014. (Accessed 13 December 2014). Taylor, F.W. (2005). The Principles of Scientific Management. 1st ed. First World Library-Literary Society. Whetten,D.A.(2006). Albert and Whetten Revised Strengthening the Concept of Organizational Identity. Journal of Management Inquiry, 15(3), pp.219-234. Zuboff,S. (1988). In the Age of the Smart Machine. New York: Basic Books.